Dr. Michael J. Cooper Profile

Dr. Michael J. Cooper

at MIT Lincoln Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (30)

Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Curved detectors for future x-ray astrophysics missions

Eric Miller, James Gregory, Marshall Bautz, Harry Clark, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Mallory Jensen, Beverly LaMarr, Renee Lambert, Christopher Leitz, Andrew Malonis, Mo Neak, Gregory Prigozhin, Kevin Ryu, Benjamin Schneider, Keith Warner, Douglas Young, William Zhang

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130935P (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018475

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Semiconducting wafers, Silicon, Sensors, X-rays, Wafer bonding, Vacuum, CCD image sensors, Deformation, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Fast, low-noise x-ray image sensor technology for strategic x-ray astrophysics missions

Marshall Bautz, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Benjamin Schneider, Christopher Leitz, Kevan Donlon, Ilya Prigozhin, Renee Lambert, Michael Cooper, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, R. Glenn Morris, Daniel Wilkins, Haley Stueber, Artem Poliszczuk, Steven Allen

Proceedings Volume 13093, 130931Q (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019193

KEYWORDS: X-rays, X-ray technology, X-ray imaging, Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Observatories

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 January 2024

Demonstrating repetitive non-destructive readout with SiSeRO devices

Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, Kevan Donlon, Gregory Prigozhin, Glenn Morris, Michael Cooper, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Steven Allen, Marshall Bautz, Chris Leitz

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 01, 016004, (January 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.1.016004

KEYWORDS: Nondestructive evaluation, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Transistors, Sensors, X-ray detectors, Interference (communication), Dark current, CCD image sensors, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Development of large, fast, low noise x-ray CCD for future space missions

Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Richard Foster, Kevan Donlon, Michael Cooper, Christopher Leitz, Marshall Bautz

Proceedings Volume 12678, 126780J (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677413

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Dark current, Electrons, Silicon, Clocks, Space operations, Fluorine, Capacitance

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SPIE Journal Paper | 15 May 2023

Improved noise performance from the next-generation buried-channel p-MOSFET SiSeROs

Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Matthew Kaplan, Peter Orel, Kevan Donlon, Gregory Prigozhin, Glenn Morris, Michael Cooper, Andrew Malonis, Steven Allen, Marshall Bautz, Chris Leitz

JATIS, Vol. 9, Issue 02, 026001, (May 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.9.2.026001

KEYWORDS: Tunable filters, Transistors, Digital filtering, X-rays, Interference (communication), Cadmium sulfide, Electronic filtering, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray detectors, Quantum reading

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Performance of high frame-rate x-ray CCDs for future strategic missions

M. Bautz, R. Foster, C. Grant, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, E. Miller, G. Prigozhin, B. Burke, M. Cooper, K. Donlon, R. Lambert, K. Warner, D. Young, T. Chattopadhyay, S. Herrmann, R. Morris, C. Leitz, S. Allen

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121812A (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630139

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Spectral resolution, Amplifiers, Observatories, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Latest results for a fast low noise CCD readout based on pJFET

G. Prigozhin, M. Cooper, K. Donlon, C. Leitz, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, R. Foster, S. Herrmann, M. Bautz

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121911D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630166

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Transistors, Sensors, Electrons, Field effect transistors, X-ray detectors, Astrophysics, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

X-ray speed reading with the MCRC: a low noise CCD readout ASIC enabling readout speeds of 5 Mpixel/s/channel

Peter Orel, Sven Herrmann, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Glenn Morris, Steven Allen, Gregory Prigozhin, Richard Foster, Andrew Malonis, Marshall Bautz, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon

Proceedings Volume 12191, 1219124 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629049

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Analog electronics, X-rays, Sensors, Prototyping, Amplifiers, Digital electronics, X-ray technology, X-ray imaging, Transistors

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Single electron sensitive readout (SiSeRO) x-ray detectors: technological progress and characterization

Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, R. Morris, Daniel Wilkins, Steven Allen, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Richard Foster, Marshall Bautz, Kevan Donlon, Michael Cooper, Christopher Leitz

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121910W (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629050

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Sensors, Transistors, Digital filtering, X-ray detectors, X-ray technology

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Charge transfer efficiency of CCDs with a single-polysilicon gate structure

Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Richard Foster, Andrew Malonis, Catherine Grant, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121912K (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630339

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, X-ray detectors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 26 May 2022

First results on SiSeRO devices: a new x-ray detector for scientific instrumentation

Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Barry Burke, Kevan Donlon, Gregory Prigozhin, Glenn Morris, Peter Orel, Michael Cooper, Andrew Malonis, Daniel R. Wilkins, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam, Steven Allen, Marshall Bautz, Chris Leitz

JATIS, Vol. 8, Issue 02, 026006, (May 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.8.2.026006

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Transistors, Charge-coupled devices, Amplifiers, X-ray detectors, X-rays, Prototyping, Analog electronics, Field effect transistors, Clocks

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 February 2022 Open Access

Open Access

Measurement and simulation of charge diffusion in a small-pixel charge-coupled device

Beverly LaMarr, Gregory Prigozhin, Eric Miller, Carolyn Thayer, Marshall Bautz, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Andrew Malonis, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Christopher Leitz

JATIS, Vol. 8, Issue 01, 016004, (February 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.016004

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Diffusion, Charge-coupled devices, Spectral resolution, Electrons, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, Silicon, Photons

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Future high-resolution imaging x-ray observatories may require detectors with both fine spatial resolution and high quantum efficiency at relatively high x-ray energies (E ≥ 5 keV). A silicon imaging detector meeting these requirements will have a ratio of detector thickness to pixel size of six or more, roughly twice that of legacy imaging sensors. The larger aspect ratio of such a sensor’s detection volume implies greater diffusion of x-ray-produced charge packets. We investigate consequences of this fact for sensor performance, reporting charge diffusion measurements in a fully depleted back-illuminated CCD with a thickness of 50 μm and pixel size of 8 μm. We are able to measure the size distributions of charge packets produced by 5.9 and 1.25 keV x-rays in this device. We find that individual charge packets exhibit a Gaussian spatial distribution and determine the frequency distribution of event widths for a range of detector bias (and thus internal electric field strength) levels. At the largest bias, we find a standard deviation for the largest charge packets (produced by x-ray interactions closest to the entrance surface of the device) of 3.9 μm. We show that the shape of the event width distribution provides a clear indicator of full depletion and use a previously developed technique to infer the relationship between event width and interaction depth. We compare measured width distributions to simulations. Although we can obtain good agreement for a given detector bias, with our current simulation, we are unable to fit the data for the full range of bias levels with a single set of simulation parameters. We compare traditional, “sum-above-threshold” algorithms for individual event amplitude determination to Gaussian fitting of individual events and find that better spectroscopic performance is obtained with the former for 5.9 keV events, whereas the two methods provide comparable results at 1.25 keV. The reasons for this difference are discussed. We point out the importance of read-noise driven charge detection thresholds in degrading spectral resolution, and note that the derived read noise requirements for mission concepts such as AXIS and Lynx are probably too lax to assure that spectral resolution requirements can be met. While the measurements reported here were made with a CCD, we note that they have implications for the performance of high aspect-ratio silicon active pixel sensors as well.

Proceedings Article | 24 August 2021 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Radiation testing of a back illuminated, small pixel, CMOS compatible CCD

Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 11821, 118211G (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594797

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Back illuminated sensors, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Germanium charge-coupled devices for hard x-ray astronomy

C. Leitz, K. Donlon, D. Young, R. Lambert, M. Collins, B. Burke, M. Zhu, S. Rabe, M. Cooper, D. O'Mara

Proceedings Volume 11454, 114541B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562583

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Semiconducting wafers, Germanium, Back end of line, Silicon, Atomic layer deposition, Sensors, Reticles, Hard x-rays, Back illuminated sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Poster + Presentation + Paper

Progress toward fast, low-noise, low-power CCDs for Lynx and other high-energy astrophysics missions

M. Bautz, B. Burke, M. Cooper, D. Craig, K. Donlon, R. Foster, C. E. Grant, B. LaMarr, C. Leitz, A. Malonis, E. Miller, G. Prigozhin, C. Thayer, S. Allen, S. Herrmann, T. Chattopadhyay, R. G. Morris

Proceedings Volume 11444, 1144494 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561441

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Signal processing, High energy astrophysics, Sensors, X-rays, Clocks, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, Image sensors, Sensor performance

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Charge transfer effects in a CCD with a single polysilicon gate structure

G. Prigozhin, B. Burke, M. Cooper, K. Donlon, C. Leitz, R. Foster, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, M. Bautz

Proceedings Volume 11454, 114541C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562677

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Clocks, CCD image sensors, Sensors, Detector development, X-ray detectors, X-rays, Electronics, Metals, Capacitance

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

MCRC V1: development of integrated readout electronics for next generation x-ray CCD detectors for future satellite observatories

Sven Herrmann, Josephine Wong, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, R. Glenn Morris, Barry Burke, Gregory Prigozhin, Mike Cooper, David Craig, Kevan Donlon, Richard Foster, Andrew Malonis, Mark Bautz, Steve Allen

Proceedings Volume 11454, 1145427 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561741

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, X-ray detectors, X-rays, Observatories, Electronics, CCD image sensors, Earth observing sensors, Satellites, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Towards megapixel-class germanium charge-coupled devices for broadband x-ray detectors

C. Leitz, M. Zhu, S. Rabe, B. Burke, D. Young, D. O'Mara, I. Prigozhin, K. Ryu, M. Cooper, R. Reich, K. Johnson, M. Cook, C. Stull, S. Zarr

Proceedings Volume 11118, 1111802 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528158

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Germanium, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Metals, X-rays, X-ray detectors, Particles, Sensors, Lithography

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 May 2019 Open Access

Open Access

Toward fast, low-noise charge-coupled devices for Lynx

Marshall Bautz, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, David Craig, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Christopher Leitz, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Daniel Schuette, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam, Carolyn Thayer

JATIS, Vol. 5, Issue 02, 021015, (May 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.5.2.021015

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Clocks, Electrons, Amplifiers, Spectral resolution, Silicon, X-ray detectors, Tolerancing

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Lynx requires large-format x-ray imaging detectors with performance at least as good as the best current-generation devices but with much higher readout rates. We are investigating an advanced charge-coupled device (CCD) detector architecture under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for use in the Lynx high-definition x-ray imager and x-ray grating spectrometer instruments. This architecture features a CMOS-compatible detector integrated with parallel CMOS signal processing chains. Fast, low-noise amplifiers and highly parallel signal processing provide the high frame rates required. CMOS-compatibility of the CCD enables low-power charge transfer and signal processing. We report on the performance of CMOS-compatible test CCDs read at pixel rates up to 5.0 Mpix s − 1 (50 times faster than Chandra ACIS CCDs), with transfer clock swings as low as 1.0-V peak-to-peak (power/gate-area comparable to ACIS CCDs at 100 times the parallel transfer rate). We measure read noise of 4.6 electrons RMS at 2.5 MHz and x-ray spectral resolution better than 150-eV full-width at half maximum at 5.9 keV for single-pixel events. We report charge transfer efficiency measurements and demonstrate that buried channel trough implants as narrow as 0.8 μm are effective in improving charge transfer performance. We find that the charge transfer efficiency of these devices drops significantly as detector temperature is reduced from ∼ − 30 ° C to −60 ° C. We point out the potential of previously demonstrated curved-detector fabrication technology for simplifying the design of the Lynx high-definition imager. We discuss the expected detector radiation tolerance at these relatively high transfer rates. Finally, we note that the high pixel “aspect ratio” (depletion depth: pixel size ≈9 ∶ 1) of our test devices is similar to that expected for Lynx detectors and discuss implications of this geometry for x-ray performance and noise requirements.

Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Development of germanium charge-coupled devices

C. Leitz, M. Zhu, S. Rabe, B. Burke, I. Prigozhin, D. O'Mara, K. Ryu, M. Cooper, R. Reich, K. Johnson, W. Hu, B. Felton, M. Cook, C. Stull, V. Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 10709, 1070908 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2310120

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Germanium, X-rays, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Toward fast low-noise low-power digital CCDs for Lynx and other high-energy astrophysics missions

M. Bautz, R. Foster, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, G. Prigozhin, E. Miller, C. Grant, B. Burke, M. Cooper, D. Craig, C. Leitz, D. Schuette, V. Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 10699, 1069917 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313594

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Amplifiers, X-rays, Clocks, CCD image sensors, Spectral resolution, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Oxide-bonded molecular-beam epitaxial backside passivation process for large-format CCDs

K. Ryu, C. Leitz, H. Clark, X. Chen, M. Cooper, M. Zhu, P. Welander, R. Lambert, V. Bolkhovsky, D.-R. Yost, B. Burke, J. Gregory, V. Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106993P (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2311512

KEYWORDS: Semiconducting wafers, Charge-coupled devices, Hydrogen, Oxides, Silicon, Quantum efficiency, Wafer bonding, Ultraviolet radiation, Interfaces, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Molecular beam epitaxy

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

Paper

Radiation testing of mini-orthogonal transfer array CCDs

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 8145, 81450M (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893810

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray astronomy, Temperature metrology, Staring arrays, Space telescopes, Spectral resolution, Error analysis, X-ray detectors, Astrophysics

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Results from the Pan-STARRS Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA)

John Tonry, Barry Burke, Sidik Isani, Peter Onaka, Michael Cooper

Proceedings Volume 7021, 702105 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789617

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Metals, Stars, Silicon, Quantum efficiency, Logic, Cameras, Sensors, Point spread functions, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Orthogonal transfer arrays for the Pan-STARRS gigapixel camera

Barry Burke, John Tonry, Michael Cooper, Peter Doherty, Andrew Loomis, Douglas Young, Thomas Lind, Peter Onaka, Deborah Landers, Peter Daniels, John Daneu

Proceedings Volume 6501, 650107 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.724452

KEYWORDS: Molybdenum, Prototyping, Charge-coupled devices, Epoxies, Packaging, Cameras, Staring arrays, Silicon, Logic, Ionization

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Proceedings Article | 6 February 2006 Paper

Paper

Development of the orthogonal-transfer array

Barry Burke, John Tonry, Michael Cooper, Douglas Young, Andrew Loomis, Peter Onaka, Gerard Luppino

Proceedings Volume 6068, 60680J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.657196

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Logic, Metals, Quantum efficiency, Field effect transistors, Transistors, Semiconducting wafers, Imaging systems, Video, Clocks

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

The orthogonal-transfer array: a new CCD architecture for astronomy

Barry Burke, John Tonry, Michael Cooper, Gerard Luppino, George Jacoby, Richard Bredthauer, Kasey Boggs, Michael Lesser, Peter Onaka, Douglas Young, Peter Doherty, David Craig

Proceedings Volume 5499, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.562490

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Logic, Astronomy, Clocks, Video, Semiconducting wafers, Imaging systems, Metals, Prototyping, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2000 Paper

Paper

Merged CCD/SOI-CMOS technology

Vyshi Suntharalingam, Barry Burke, J. Burns, M. Cooper, Craig Keast

Proceedings Volume 3965, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.385466

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems, Semiconducting wafers, Silicon, Oscillators, Scanning electron microscopy, Image processing, CMOS technology, Imaging devices

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 1993 Paper

Paper

CCD soft x-ray imagers for ASCA and AXAF

Barry Burke, Robert Mountain, Peter Daniels, M. Cooper, Victor Dolat

Proceedings Volume 2006, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.162840

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Semiconducting wafers, Imaging systems, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Silicon, Imaging arrays, Satellites, Packaging, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 1992 Paper

Paper

High-performance visible-UV CCD imagers for space-based applications

Barry Burke, James Gregory, Robert Mountain, J. Huang, M. Cooper, Victor Dolat

Proceedings Volume 1693, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.138076

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems, Surveillance, Quantum efficiency, Semiconducting wafers, Ultraviolet radiation, Silicon, Back illuminated sensors, Clocks, Visible radiation

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Showing 5 of 30 publications

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