Dr. Beverly J. LaMarr Profile

Dr. Beverly J. LaMarr

at Massachusetts Institute of Technology

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (51)

SPIE Journal Paper | 8 January 2024

Demonstrating repetitive non-destructive readout with SiSeRO devices

Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, Kevan Donlon, Gregory Prigozhin, Glenn Morris, Michael Cooper, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Steven Allen, Marshall Bautz, Chris Leitz

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 01, 016004, (January 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.1.016004

KEYWORDS: Nondestructive evaluation, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Transistors, Sensors, X-ray detectors, Interference (communication), Dark current, CCD image sensors, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Development of large, fast, low noise x-ray CCD for future space missions

Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Richard Foster, Kevan Donlon, Michael Cooper, Christopher Leitz, Marshall Bautz

Proceedings Volume 12678, 126780J (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677413

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Dark current, Electrons, Silicon, Clocks, Space operations, Fluorine, Capacitance

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The high-speed x-ray camera on AXIS

Eric Miller, Marshall Bautz, Catherine Grant, Richard Foster, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Gregory Prigozhin, Benjamin Schneider, Christopher Leitz, Sven Herrmann, Steven Allen, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Peter Orel, Glenn Morris, Haley Stueber, Abraham Falcone, Andrew Ptak, Christopher Reynolds

Proceedings Volume 12678, 1267816 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676838

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Cameras, Design and modelling, Spectral response, Simulations, Astrophysics

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Performance of high frame-rate x-ray CCDs for future strategic missions

M. Bautz, R. Foster, C. Grant, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, E. Miller, G. Prigozhin, B. Burke, M. Cooper, K. Donlon, R. Lambert, K. Warner, D. Young, T. Chattopadhyay, S. Herrmann, R. Morris, C. Leitz, S. Allen

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121812A (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630139

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Spectral resolution, Amplifiers, Observatories, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Understanding the effects of charge diffusion in next-generation soft x-ray imagers

Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Craig Lage, Christopher Leitz, Andrew Malonis

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121816R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628929

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Sensors, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging, Silicon, X-ray detectors, Electric field sensors, Signal attenuation, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Single electron sensitive readout (SiSeRO) x-ray detectors: technological progress and characterization

Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, R. Morris, Daniel Wilkins, Steven Allen, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Richard Foster, Marshall Bautz, Kevan Donlon, Michael Cooper, Christopher Leitz

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121910W (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629050

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Sensors, Transistors, Digital filtering, X-ray detectors, X-ray technology

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Charge transfer efficiency of CCDs with a single-polysilicon gate structure

Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Richard Foster, Andrew Malonis, Catherine Grant, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121912K (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630339

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Latest results for a fast low noise CCD readout based on pJFET

G. Prigozhin, M. Cooper, K. Donlon, C. Leitz, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, R. Foster, S. Herrmann, M. Bautz

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121911D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630166

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Transistors, Sensors, Electrons, Field effect transistors, X-ray detectors, Astrophysics, X-rays

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 February 2022 Open Access

Open Access

Measurement and simulation of charge diffusion in a small-pixel charge-coupled device

Beverly LaMarr, Gregory Prigozhin, Eric Miller, Carolyn Thayer, Marshall Bautz, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Andrew Malonis, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Christopher Leitz

JATIS, Vol. 8, Issue 01, 016004, (February 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.016004

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Diffusion, Charge-coupled devices, Spectral resolution, Electrons, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, Silicon, Photons

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Future high-resolution imaging x-ray observatories may require detectors with both fine spatial resolution and high quantum efficiency at relatively high x-ray energies (E ≥ 5 keV). A silicon imaging detector meeting these requirements will have a ratio of detector thickness to pixel size of six or more, roughly twice that of legacy imaging sensors. The larger aspect ratio of such a sensor’s detection volume implies greater diffusion of x-ray-produced charge packets. We investigate consequences of this fact for sensor performance, reporting charge diffusion measurements in a fully depleted back-illuminated CCD with a thickness of 50 μm and pixel size of 8 μm. We are able to measure the size distributions of charge packets produced by 5.9 and 1.25 keV x-rays in this device. We find that individual charge packets exhibit a Gaussian spatial distribution and determine the frequency distribution of event widths for a range of detector bias (and thus internal electric field strength) levels. At the largest bias, we find a standard deviation for the largest charge packets (produced by x-ray interactions closest to the entrance surface of the device) of 3.9 μm. We show that the shape of the event width distribution provides a clear indicator of full depletion and use a previously developed technique to infer the relationship between event width and interaction depth. We compare measured width distributions to simulations. Although we can obtain good agreement for a given detector bias, with our current simulation, we are unable to fit the data for the full range of bias levels with a single set of simulation parameters. We compare traditional, “sum-above-threshold” algorithms for individual event amplitude determination to Gaussian fitting of individual events and find that better spectroscopic performance is obtained with the former for 5.9 keV events, whereas the two methods provide comparable results at 1.25 keV. The reasons for this difference are discussed. We point out the importance of read-noise driven charge detection thresholds in degrading spectral resolution, and note that the derived read noise requirements for mission concepts such as AXIS and Lynx are probably too lax to assure that spectral resolution requirements can be met. While the measurements reported here were made with a CCD, we note that they have implications for the performance of high aspect-ratio silicon active pixel sensors as well.

Proceedings Article | 24 August 2021 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Radiation testing of a back illuminated, small pixel, CMOS compatible CCD

Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Kevan Donlon, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 11821, 118211G (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594797

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Back illuminated sensors, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

CAT grating alignment and testing for soft x-ray polarimetry

Alan Garner, Herman Marshall, Sarah Trowbridge Heine, Ralf Heilmann, Jungki Song, Norbert Schulz, Beverly LaMarr, Mark Egan

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114445Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561734

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, X-rays, Computed tomography, Optical alignment, Rockets, Monochromators, Prototyping, Crystals

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Poster + Presentation + Paper

Radiation testing of a small pixel, CMOS compatible CCD

Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Carolyn Thayer

Proceedings Volume 11444, 1144495 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561625

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging, Sensors, Environmental sensing, Space operations, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Charge transfer effects in a CCD with a single polysilicon gate structure

G. Prigozhin, B. Burke, M. Cooper, K. Donlon, C. Leitz, R. Foster, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, M. Bautz

Proceedings Volume 11454, 114541C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562677

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Clocks, CCD image sensors, Sensors, Detector development, X-ray detectors, X-rays, Electronics, Metals, Capacitance

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Poster + Presentation + Paper

Progress toward fast, low-noise, low-power CCDs for Lynx and other high-energy astrophysics missions

M. Bautz, B. Burke, M. Cooper, D. Craig, K. Donlon, R. Foster, C. E. Grant, B. LaMarr, C. Leitz, A. Malonis, E. Miller, G. Prigozhin, C. Thayer, S. Allen, S. Herrmann, T. Chattopadhyay, R. G. Morris

Proceedings Volume 11444, 1144494 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561441

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Signal processing, High energy astrophysics, Sensors, X-rays, Clocks, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, Image sensors, Sensor performance

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

Paper

US Contributions to the Athena Wide Field Imager

David Burrows, Steve Allen, Marshall Bautz, Esra Bulbul, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Julia Erdley, Abraham Falcone, Catherine Grant, Sven Herrmann, Ann Hornschemeier, Doug Kelly, Jamie Kennea, Ralph Kraft, Beverly LaMarr, Adam Mantz, Eric Miller, R. Glenn Morris, Paul Nulsen, Pragati Pradhan, Neven Vulic, Dan Wilkins, Michael Zugger

Proceedings Volume 11118, 111180Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528532

KEYWORDS: Scanning probe microscopy, Image processing, Target detection, Software development, Algorithm development, Imaging systems, X-rays, X-ray sources

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

Paper

Component testing for x-ray spectroscopy and polarimetry

Alan Garner, Herman Marshall, Sarah Trowbridge Heine, Ralf Heilmann, Jungki Song, Norbert Schulz, Beverly LaMarr, Mark Egan

Proceedings Volume 11118, 1111811 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2529607

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Polarimetry, Spectroscopy, Rockets, Optical design, Monochromators, Polarization

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 May 2019 Open Access

Open Access

Toward fast, low-noise charge-coupled devices for Lynx

Marshall Bautz, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, David Craig, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Christopher Leitz, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Daniel Schuette, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam, Carolyn Thayer

JATIS, Vol. 5, Issue 02, 021015, (May 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.5.2.021015

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Clocks, Electrons, Amplifiers, Spectral resolution, Silicon, X-ray detectors, Tolerancing

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Lynx requires large-format x-ray imaging detectors with performance at least as good as the best current-generation devices but with much higher readout rates. We are investigating an advanced charge-coupled device (CCD) detector architecture under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for use in the Lynx high-definition x-ray imager and x-ray grating spectrometer instruments. This architecture features a CMOS-compatible detector integrated with parallel CMOS signal processing chains. Fast, low-noise amplifiers and highly parallel signal processing provide the high frame rates required. CMOS-compatibility of the CCD enables low-power charge transfer and signal processing. We report on the performance of CMOS-compatible test CCDs read at pixel rates up to 5.0 Mpix s − 1 (50 times faster than Chandra ACIS CCDs), with transfer clock swings as low as 1.0-V peak-to-peak (power/gate-area comparable to ACIS CCDs at 100 times the parallel transfer rate). We measure read noise of 4.6 electrons RMS at 2.5 MHz and x-ray spectral resolution better than 150-eV full-width at half maximum at 5.9 keV for single-pixel events. We report charge transfer efficiency measurements and demonstrate that buried channel trough implants as narrow as 0.8 μm are effective in improving charge transfer performance. We find that the charge transfer efficiency of these devices drops significantly as detector temperature is reduced from ∼ − 30 ° C to −60 ° C. We point out the potential of previously demonstrated curved-detector fabrication technology for simplifying the design of the Lynx high-definition imager. We discuss the expected detector radiation tolerance at these relatively high transfer rates. Finally, we note that the high pixel “aspect ratio” (depletion depth: pixel size ≈9 ∶ 1) of our test devices is similar to that expected for Lynx detectors and discuss implications of this geometry for x-ray performance and noise requirements.

Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Presentation

The neutron star interior composition explorer (NICER): commissioning and calibration (Conference Presentation)

Craig Markwardt, Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Takashi Okajima, Jack Steiner, Gregory Prigozhin, Ron Remillard, Teruaki Enoto, Michael Loewenstein, Beverly LaMarr

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106991V (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314419

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Stars, X-rays, Photonic devices, Astrophysics

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Paper

The effects of charge diffusion on soft x-ray response for future high-resolution imagers

Eric Miller, Richard Foster, Craig Lage, Gregory Prigozhin, Marshall Bautz, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106995R (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313565

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Photons, Diffusion, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, Monte Carlo methods, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Toward fast low-noise low-power digital CCDs for Lynx and other high-energy astrophysics missions

M. Bautz, R. Foster, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, G. Prigozhin, E. Miller, C. Grant, B. Burke, M. Cooper, D. Craig, C. Leitz, D. Schuette, V. Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 10699, 1069917 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313594

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Amplifiers, X-rays, Clocks, CCD image sensors, Spectral resolution, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Blazed transmission grating technology development for the Arcus x-ray spectrometer explorer

Ralf Heilmann, Alexander Bruccoleri, Jungki Song, Casey DeRoo, Peter Cheimetz, Edward Hertz, Randall Smith, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Marlis-Madeleine La Caria, Carlo Pelliciari, Hans Guenther, Sarah N. Heine, Beverly LaMarr, Herman Marshall, Norbert Schulz, Eric Gullikson, Mark Schattenburg

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106996D (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314180

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, X-rays, Spectroscopy, Optical alignment, Diffraction, Optical design, Silicon, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray technology

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Testing and characterization of the TESS CCDs

C. Thayer, J. Villasenor, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, E. Morgan, G. Prigozhin, I. Prigozhin, G. Ricker, T. Sauerwein, V. Suntharalingam, R. Vanderspek, D. Woods

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99042X (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232886

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Cameras, Stars, Electronics, X-rays, Light emitting diodes, Imaging arrays, Floods, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2016 Paper

Paper

The Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER): design and development

Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Phillip Adkins, Cheryl Albert, John Anders, Andrew Aylward, Charles Baker, Erin Balsamo, William Bamford, Suyog Benegalrao, Daniel Berry, Shiraz Bhalwani, J. Kevin Black, Carl Blaurock, Ginger Bronke, Gary Brown, Jason Budinoff, Jeffrey Cantwell, Thoniel Cazeau, Philip Chen, Thomas Clement, Andrew Colangelo, Jerry Coleman, Jonathan Coopersmith, William Dehaven, John Doty, Mark Egan, Teruaki Enoto, Terry Fan, Deneen Ferro, Richard Foster, Nicholas Galassi, Luis Gallo, Chris Green, Dave Grosh, Kong Ha, Monther Hasouneh, Kristofer Heefner, Phyllis Hestnes, Lisa Hoge, Tawanda Jacobs, John Jørgensen, Michael Kaiser, James Kellogg, Steven Kenyon, Richard Koenecke, Robert Kozon, Beverly LaMarr, Mike Lambertson, Anne Larson, Steven Lentine, Jesse Lewis, Michael Lilly, Kuochia Alice Liu, Andrew Malonis, Sridhar Manthripragada, Craig Markwardt, Bryan Matonak, Isaac Mcginnis, Roger Miller, Alissa Mitchell, Jason Mitchell, Jelila Mohammed, Charles Monroe, Kristina Montt de Garcia, Peter Mulé, Louis Nagao, Son Ngo, Eric Norris, Dwight Norwood, Joseph Novotka, Takashi Okajima, Lawrence Olsen, Chimaobi Onyeachu, Henry Orosco, Jacqualine Peterson, Kristina Pevear, Karen Pham, Sue Pollard, John Pope, Daniel Powers, Charles Powers, Samuel Price, Gregory Prigozhin, Julian Ramirez, Winston Reid, Ronald Remillard, Eric Rogstad, Glenn Rosecrans, John Rowe, Jennifer Sager, Claude Sanders, Bruce Savadkin, Maxine Saylor, Alexander Schaeffer, Nancy Schweiss, Sean Semper, Peter Serlemitsos, Larry Shackelford, Yang Soong, Jonathan Struebel, Michael Vezie, Joel Villasenor, Luke Winternitz, George Wofford, Michael Wright, Mike Yang, Wayne Yu

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99051H (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231304

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Electronics, X-rays, X-rays, X-ray detectors, Signal detection, Silicon, Analog electronics, Microcontrollers, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Ground calibration of the Silicon Drift Detectors for NICER

Beverly LaMarr, Gregory Prigozhin, Ronald Remillard, Andrew Malonis, Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Craig Markwardt, Wayne Baumgartner

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99054W (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232784

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Calibration, Sensors, Electronics, Point spread functions, Cameras, Aluminum, Electroluminescent displays, Prototyping, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

Paper

NICER instrument detector subsystem: description and performance

Gregory Prigozhin, Keith Gendreau, John Doty, Richard Foster, Ronald Remillard, Andrew Malonis, Beverly LaMarr, Michael Vezie, Mark Egan, Jesus Villasenor, Zaven Arzoumanian, Wayne Baumgartner, Frank Scholze, Christian Laubis, Michael Krumrey, Alan Huber

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99051I (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231718

KEYWORDS: X-ray detectors, Sensors, X-rays, X-ray detectors, Mirrors, Fermium, Frequency modulation, Aluminum, Calibration, Silver, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Performance evolution of the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers aboard the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 8443, 84434A (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926176

KEYWORDS: Bismuth, Manganese, Charge-coupled devices, Calibration, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Spectrometers, X-ray astronomy, Satellites, Satellite imaging

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

Paper

Radiation testing of mini-orthogonal transfer array CCDs

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 8145, 81450M (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893810

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray astronomy, Temperature metrology, Staring arrays, Space telescopes, Spectral resolution, Error analysis, X-ray detectors, Astrophysics

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Using ACIS on the Chandra X-ray Observatory as a particle radiation monitor

C. Grant, B. LaMarr, M. Bautz, S. O'Dell

Proceedings Volume 7732, 77322I (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857629

KEYWORDS: Particles, Charge-coupled devices, Solar radiation, X-rays, Observatories, Space operations, X-ray sources, Space telescopes, Bismuth, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Interpixel crosstalk in a 3D-integrated active pixel sensor for x-ray detection

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Rick Foster, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam

Proceedings Volume 7742, 77422B (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857137

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, X-ray detectors, Active sensors, Silicon, Manganese, X-ray imaging, Astrophysics, Diodes, Photon counting

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Measurement results for an x-ray 3D-integrated active pixel sensor

G. Prigozhin, R. Foster, V. Suntharalingam, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, M. Bautz

Proceedings Volume 7742, 77421I (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857652

KEYWORDS: Capacitance, X-rays, Photodiodes, Sensors, Diodes, Transistors, X-ray detectors, Active sensors, Switching, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Physics of reverse annealing in high-resistivity Chandra ACIS CCDs

C. Grant, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin, S. Kissel, S. Brown, M. Bautz

Proceedings Volume 7021, 702119 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789750

KEYWORDS: Annealing, Charge-coupled devices, Temperature metrology, Carbon, CCD cameras, Physics, Observatories, Imaging arrays, Spectroscopy, Particles

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Front- and back-illuminated x-ray CCD performance in low- and high-Earth orbit: performance trends of Suzaku XIS and Chandra ACIS detectors

Beverly LaMarr, Catherine Grant, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Mark Bautz, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Tadayasu Dotani, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hironori Matsumoto

Proceedings Volume 7011, 70112C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788168

KEYWORDS: Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, Manganese, Back illuminated sensors, CCD image sensors, X-ray detectors, Diamond

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Flight calibration of the Suzaku XIS using the charge injection technique

Midori Ozawa, Hideki Uchiyama, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hideyuki Mori, Hironori Matsumoto, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Katsuji Koyama, Masahiro Uchino, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Tadayasu Dotani, Gregory Prigozhin, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz

Proceedings Volume 7011, 70112B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788258

KEYWORDS: Calibration, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Charge-coupled devices, Space telescopes, Ultraviolet radiation, Gamma radiation, Spectroscopy, Satellite imaging, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 2007 Paper

Paper

Mitigating CCD radiation damage with charge injection: first flight results from Suzaku

M. Bautz, B. LaMarr, E. Miller, S. Kissel, G. Prigozhin, B. Burke, J. Gregory, H. Uchiyama, Y. Hyodo, H. Yamaguchi, H. Mori, T. Tsuru, H. Matsumoto, K. Koyama, K. Torii, S. Katsuda, K. Hasuike, H. Nakajima, K. Hayashida, H. Tsunemi, H. Murakami, M. Ozaki, T. Dotani

Proceedings Volume 6686, 66860Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734094

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, Bismuth, X-rays, Radiation effects, Back illuminated sensors, X-ray imaging, Particles, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2007 Paper

Paper

The onboard calibration for the spaced-row charge injection of the Suzaku XIS

Hideki Uchiyama, Yoshiaki Hyodo, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hideyuki Mori, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hironori Matsumoto, Katsuji Koyama, Ken'ichi Torii, Satoru Katsuda, Kazuto Hasuike, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Tadayasu Dotani, Gregory Prigozhin, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz

Proceedings Volume 6686, 66860P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.733689

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Iron, Sensors, Manganese, Bismuth, X-ray imaging, Satellites, Image segmentation

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Proceedings Article | 30 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Performace trends for the x-ray imaging spectrometer on Suzaku

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Noriaki Tawa, Tomofumi Miyauchi, Hiroshi Nakajima

Proceedings Volume 6270, 62701R (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671446

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, Calibration, X-ray imaging, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Bismuth, Spectral resolution, CCD image sensors, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Temperature dependence of charge transfer inefficiency in Chandra x-ray CCDs

C. Grant, M. Bautz, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 6276, 62761O (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672019

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Particles, Bismuth, X-rays, Data modeling, Temperature metrology, Error analysis, Observatories, Back illuminated sensors, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Improved x-ray CCD response at very low x-ray energies

M. Bautz, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 6266, 62662P (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670847

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Electrons, Charge-coupled devices, Back illuminated sensors, Silicon, Monochromators, Bismuth, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Energy response of the x-ray imaging spectrometer (XIS) on Suzaku

Hironori Matsumoto, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Takeshi Tsuru, Katsuji Koyama, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Ken'ichi Torii, Masaaki Namiki, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Masanobu Ozaki, Tadayasu Dotani, Beverly LaMarr, Steven Kissel, Marshall Bautz

Proceedings Volume 6266, 626641 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671033

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Silicon, Bismuth, Photons, Iron, X-ray imaging, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2005 Paper

Paper

Long-term trends in radiation damage of Chandra x-ray CCDs

C. Grant, M. Bautz, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin

Proceedings Volume 5898, 58980Q (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.618123

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Particles, Bismuth, X-rays, Temperature metrology, Observatories, Calibration, Imaging arrays, Space operations, Solar radiation

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 2004 Paper

Paper

An evaluation of a bake-out of the ACIS instrument on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory

Paul Plucinsky, Stephen O'Dell, Neil Tice, Douglas Swartz, Marshall Bautz, Joseph DePasquale, Richard Edgar, Gordon Garmire, Rino Giordano, Catherine Grant, Perry Knollenberg, Steve Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Richard Logan, Martin Mach, Herman Marshall, Leon McKendrick, Gregory Prigozhin, Dan Schwartz, Norbert Schulz, Dan Shropshire, Tan Trinh, Alexey Vikhlinin, Shanil Virani

Proceedings Volume 5488, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552029

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Contamination, Collimators, X-rays, Space operations, Observatories, Absorption, Sensors, Thermal modeling, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Ground calibration of CCD camera (XIS) with front-illuminated chips onboard Astro-E2

Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Hironori Matsumoto, Takeshi Tsuru, Katsuji Koyama, Steve Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz

Proceedings Volume 5488, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.550831

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Calibration, Charge-coupled devices, Quantum efficiency, Iron, CCD image sensors, Bismuth, CCD cameras, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

A charge transfer inefficiency correction model for the Chandra advanced CCD imaging spectrometer

Catherine Grant, Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Beverly LaMarr

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.550628

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Observatories, Spectral resolution, Detection and tracking algorithms, Quantum efficiency, Sensors, Performance modeling

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Ground calibration of X-ray CCD detectors with charge injection for the X-ray imaging spectrometer on Astro-E2

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Takeshi Tsuru, Hironori Matsumoto

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.553204

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, X-ray imaging, Charge-coupled devices, Spectral resolution, Quantum efficiency, Calibration, Back illuminated sensors, Spectroscopy, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

X-ray CCD with charge-injection structure

Gregory Prigozhin, Barry Burke, Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Marat Freytsis

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.553059

KEYWORDS: Electrons, Charge-coupled devices, Signal attenuation, X-rays, Clocks, Capacitance, Diodes, X-ray detectors, Interference (communication), Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Progress in x-ray CCD sensor performance for the Astro-E2 X-ray imaging spectrometer

Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Barry Burke, James Gregory

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.553198

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Spectral resolution, Back illuminated sensors, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Quantum efficiency, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2003 Paper

Paper

Sacrificial charge and the spectral resolution performance of the Chandra advanced CCD imaging spectrometer

Catherine Grant, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz

Proceedings Volume 4851, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461282

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, Calibration, Observatories, X-ray imaging, Software development, X-ray astronomy, X-ray telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2000 Paper

Paper

Characterization of the radiation damage in the Chandra x-ray CCDs

Gregory Prigozhin, Steven Kissel, Mark Bautz, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Richard Foster, George Ricker

Proceedings Volume 4140, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.409106

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Signal attenuation, Image storage, Time metrology, X-ray characterization, Temperature metrology, Manganese, X-ray telescopes, Space telescopes

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Front side illuminated CCDs comprising focal plane of the Chandra X-ray telescope have suffered some radiation damage in the beginning of the mission. Measurements of CTI and dark current at different temperatures led us to conclusion that the type of damage is inconsistent with the much studied type of damage created by protons with energies higher than 10 MeV. Intensive ground based investigation showed that irradiation of a CCD with low energy protons (about 100 keV) results in the device characteristics similar to the ones of the flight chips (very low dark current, the shape of the CTI temperature dependence). We were able to reliably determine that only image section of the flight chips was damaged and therefore only fast transfer from image to frame store section was affected. We have developed several techniques in order to determine the parameters of the electron traps introduced into the transfer channel of the irradiated device. One of them is based on the analysis of the amplitude of the signal in the pixels trailing the pixel that absorbed an X-ray photon of known energy. Averaging over large number of photons allowed us to get high signal/noise ratio even for pixels with extremely low signal far behind the X-ray event. Performing this analysis at different temperatures we were able to measure trap density, emission time constant, and trap cross section. Another technique is based on the analysis of the tail behind the events of very high amplitude, such as cosmic ray hits. We have developed a new scheme of clocking the device which prevents several rows of image section from being ever read out and keeps them moving back and forth. This so- called 'squeegee mode' improves CTI and can also be used to measure trap parameters, being especially effective in measuring long time constants. At least 4 different types of traps were detected, two of them with short time constant in the range from tens to a few hundred microseconds. The most damaging for the device performance are the traps with longer time constant in the millisecond range. The measurement of the trap parameters allows us to accurately model charge transfer inefficiency and helps to choose optimal operational parameters, and eventually will lead to techniques that may noticeably improve performance of a damaged CCD.

Proceedings Article | 18 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Radiation damage in the Chandra x-ray CCDs

Gregory Prigozhin, Steven Kissel, Mark Bautz, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Richard Foster, George Ricker, Gordon Garmire

Proceedings Volume 4012, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391612

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Image storage, Manganese, Time metrology, X-ray telescopes, Neon, Space telescopes, Temperature metrology, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 1998 Paper

Paper

Joint AXAF high-resolution mirror assembly and AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer calibration at the MSFC X-Ray Calibration Facility

John Nousek, Leisa Townsley, George Chartas, David Burrows, E. Moskalenko, R. Sambruna, J. Pesce, Catherine Grant, Kaori Nishikida, Laura Cawley, Patrick Broos, Scott Koch, A. Garmire, Gordon Garmire, Mark Bautz, Stephen Jones, Beverly LaMarr, George Ricker

Proceedings Volume 3444, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.331239

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Point spread functions, Calibration, Photons, X-rays, Data modeling, Mirrors, X-ray imaging, Spectroscopy, X-ray telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 1998 Paper

Paper

X-ray CCD calibration for the AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer

Mark Bautz, Michael Pivovaroff, F. Baganoff, Takashi Isobe, Stephen Jones, Steven Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Herbert Manning, Gregory Prigozhin, George Ricker, John Nousek, Catherine Grant, Kaori Nishikida, Frank Scholze, R. Thornagel, Gerhard Ulm

Proceedings Volume 3444, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.331238

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, Calibration, X-rays, Silicon, Data modeling, CCD image sensors, Quantum efficiency, Energy efficiency, Synchrotron radiation

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Showing 5 of 51 publications

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