This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10458, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.

Due to the high measurement accuracy and wide range of applications, lever-type stylus profilometry is commonly used in industrial research areas. However, the error caused by the lever structure has a great influence on the profile measurement, thus this paper analyzes the error of high-precision large-range lever-type stylus profilometry. The errors are corrected by the Nelder-Mead Simplex method, and the results are verified by the spherical surface calibration. It can be seen that this method can effectively reduce the measurement error and improve the accuracy of the stylus profilometry in large-scale measurement.

To deal with both of the fluctuation of background intensity and the random phase shift error, this paper present an efficient and rapid phase extraction algorithm. The parametric equations of Lissajous ellipse are derived by subtraction operations on three random interferograms. Then the elliptic parameters are calculated by ellipse fitting, which is used for phase extraction. It is unnecessary for the algorithm to calculate the random phase shift value and remove the background term, which reduces the algorithm’s complexity and shortens the processing time. The effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm are verified by both the numerical simulations and the experiment. The results shows that the algorithm is robust to the fluctuation of background intensity and modulation amplitude.

In the process of manufacturing large components, such as aerospace, automobile and shipping industry, some important mold or stamped metal plate requires precise forming on the surface, which usually needs to be verified, if necessary, the surface needs to be corrected and reprocessed. In order to make the correction of the machined surface more convenient, this paper proposes a method based on Laser 3D projection system, this method uses the contour form of terrain contour, directly showing the deviation between the actually measured data and the theoretical mathematical model (CAD) on the measured surface. First, measure the machined surface to get the point cloud data and the formation of triangular mesh; secondly, through coordinate transformation, unify the point cloud data to the theoretical model and calculate the three-dimensional deviation, according to the sign (positive or negative) and size of the deviation, use the color deviation band to denote the deviation of three-dimensional; then, use three-dimensional contour lines to draw and represent every coordinates deviation band, creating the projection files; finally, import the projection files into the laser projector, and make the contour line projected to the processed file with 1:1 in the form of a laser beam, compare the Full-color 3D deviation map with the projection graph, then, locate and make quantitative correction to meet the processing precision requirements. It can display the trend of the machined surface deviation clearly.

Laser scanning projection technology can project the image defined by the existing CAD digital model to the working surface, in the form of a laser harness profile. This projection is in accordance with the ratio of 1: 1. Through the laser harness contours with high positioning quality, the technical staff can carry out the operation with high precision. In a typical process of the projection, in order to determine the relative positional relationship between the laser projection instrument and the target, it is necessary to place several fixed reference points on the projection target and perform the calibration of projection. This position relationship is the transformation from projection coordinate system to the global coordinate system. The entire projection work is divided into two steps: the first step, the calculation of the projector six position parameters is performed, that is, the projector calibration. In the second step, the deflection angle is calculated by the known projector position parameter and the known coordinate points, and then the actual model is projected. Typically, the calibration requires the establishment of six reference points to reduce the possibility of divergence of the nonlinear equations, but the whole solution is very complex and the solution may still diverge. In this paper, the distance is detected combined with the calculation so that the position parameters of the projector can be solved by using the coordinate values of three reference points and the distance of at least one reference point to the projector. The addition of the distance measurement increases the stability of the solution of the nonlinear system and avoids the problem of divergence of the solution caused by the reference point which is directly under the projector. Through the actual analysis and calculation, the Taylor expansion method combined with the least squares method is used to obtain the solution of the system. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out by MATLAB, and the precision of the calibration algorithm is analyzed.

Based on the problems of low detection efficiency in the micro cracks detection of aircraft engine blades, a differential excitation eddy current testing system was designed and developed. The function and the working principle of the system were described, the problems which contained the manufacture method of simulated cracks, signal generating, signal processing and the signal display method were described. The detection test was carried out by taking a certain model aircraft engine blade with simulated cracks as a tested specimen. The test data was processed by digital low-pass filter in the computer and the crack signals of time domain display and Lissajous figure display were acquired. By comparing the test results, it is verified that Lissajous figure display shows better performance compared to time domain display when the crack angle is small. The test results show that the eddy current testing system designed in this paper is feasible to detect the micro cracks on the aeroengine blade and can effectively improve the detection efficiency of micro cracks in the practical detection work.

An integrated method is proposed for the real-time measurement of filament lamp dimension based on machine vision (FLDMV). First, an online detection platform is built, and the image is acquired by telecentric lenses and charge-coupled diode (CCD). Second, a series of image processing, including filter, edge extraction, ellipse fitting, recursive minimum bounding rectangle, and curvature restrict estimation. Finally, the actual size of lamp is obtained by system calibration. The experimental analysis and comparison show that the maximum measurement error of this method is 0.21mm, which meets the requirements of filament lamp dimension measurement. The curvature restrict estimation based on ellipse fitting are proposed to guarantee the accuracy and real time. Compared with the traditional measurement method, our method has the advantages of fast measurement speed, high accuracy, and real time. It also can be widely used in other parts of the measurement.

As the visual organ of many arthropods, the compound eye has attracted a lot of attention with the advantage of wide field-of-view, multi-channel imaging ability and high agility. Extended from this concept, a new kind of artificial compound eye device is developed. There are 141 lenslets which share one image sensor distributed evenly on a curved surface, thus it is difficult to distinguish the lenslets which the light spot belongs to during calibration and positioning process. Therefore, the matching algorithm is proposed based on the device structure and the principle of calibration and positioning. Region partition of lenslet array is performed at first. Each lenslet and its adjacent lenslets are defined as cluster eyes and constructed into an index table. In the calibration process, a polar coordinate system is established, and the matching can be accomplished by comparing the rotary table position in the polar coordinate system and the central light spot angle in the image. In the positioning process, the spot is paired to the correct region according to the spots distribution firstly, and the final results is determined by the dispersion of the distance from the target point to the incident ray in the region traversal matching. Finally, the experiment results show that the presented algorithms provide a feasible and efficient way to match the spot to the lenslet, and perfectly meet the needs in the practical application of the compound eye system.

The performance of terrain aided navigation is closely related to the selection of terrain matching area. The different matching algorithms have different adaptability to terrain. This paper mainly studies the adaptability to terrain of TERCOM algorithm, analyze the relation between terrain feature and terrain characteristic parameters by qualitative and quantitative methods, and then research the relation between matching probability and terrain characteristic parameters by the Monte Carlo method. After that, we propose a selection method of terrain matching area for TERCOM algorithm, and verify the method correctness with real terrain data by simulation experiment. Experimental results show that the matching area obtained by the method in this paper has the good navigation performance and the matching probability of TERCOM algorithm is great than 90%

A general design is proposed to meet the miniaturization requirement for coherent transponders with multiple turn-around ratios. The transponder can be realized with a single LO and a single frequency conversion for both directions, by unifying different LOs, sharing TR channels, and expanding the processing bandwidth of digital circuits, which accords with the idea of software defined radio(SDR) and replace the traditional LOs in intermediate frequency(IF) for frequency up or down conversion. This design is convenient for chip integration and channel expanding, and can be utilized as a general platform for similar transceivers.

With the advantages of wide range, non-contact and high flexibility, the visual estimation technology of target pose has been widely applied in modern industry, robot guidance and other engineering practices. However, due to the influence of complicated industrial environment, outside interference factors, lack of object characteristics, restrictions of camera and other limitations, the visual estimation technology of target pose is still faced with many challenges. Focusing on the above problems, a pose estimation method of the industrial objects is developed based on 3D models of targets. By matching the extracted shape characteristics of objects with the priori 3D model database of targets, the method realizes the recognition of target. Thus a pose estimation of objects can be determined based on the monocular vision measuring model. The experimental results show that this method can be implemented to estimate the position of rigid objects based on poor images information, and provides guiding basis for the operation of the industrial robot.

Because of the close range photogrammetry has wide measuring range, high precision and high efficiency, the precision measurement of large size tasks take more and more important role Among them, the self-calibration measurement model based on adjustment optimization is the important reason to ensure the method to achieve high-precision measurement. However, with commercial grade SLR camera more and more applied to three-dimensional measurement, the measurement accuracy and the professional camera compared to a certain gap A large number of analyses have found that, in addition to the camera itself, the self -calibration model relies too much on the internal parameters of the camera, especially the distortion parameter, which is the important reason leading to the decrease of the measurement accuracy. In order to reduce the influence of the parameterized model on the measurement results, we propose a photogrammetric method that does not rely on the intrinsic parameters of the camera. Firstly, a non-parameterized calibration method for large field of view camera is designed by combining the perpendicular method and Zeiss calibration method. Then, the non-parameterized measurement model based on the angle information can be established after the matching of the same point and the initial value of the difference between different images. Finally, combined with adjustment optimization algorithm, the three-dimensional coordinate of the measured point in space is calculated accurately. Compared with the traditional photogrammetry results, it is proved that this method can effectively improve the photogrammetric accuracy of the large field SLR camera.

Electric energy measurement as a basic work, an accurate measurements play a vital role for the economic interests of both parties of power supply, the standardized management of the measurement laboratory at all levels is a direct factor that directly affects the fairness of measurement. Currently, the management of metering laboratories generally uses one-dimensional bar code as the recognition object, advances the testing process by manual management, most of the test data requires human input to generate reports. There are many problems and potential risks in this process: Data cannot be saved completely, cannot trace the status of inspection, the inspection process isn’t completely controllable and so on. For the provincial metrology center’s actual requirements of the whole process management for the performance test of the power measuring appliances, using of large-capacity RF tags as a process management information media, we developed a set of general measurement experiment management system, formulated a standardized full performance test process, improved the raw data recording mode of experimental process, developed a storehouse automatic inventory device, established a strict test sample transfer and storage system, ensured that all the raw data of the inspection can be traced back, achieved full life-cycle control of the sample, significantly improved the quality control level and the effectiveness of inspection work.

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a new method to obtain an image using a detector without spatial resolution. Owing to the excellent characteristics of anti-noise and high signal-to-noise ratio, SPI is applied to detect and locate the target region in the week illumination condition. In most previous target detection and location approaches, the original target needs to be imaged. However, the time consumption of image reconstruction for SPI is much larger than conventional imaging method, which indicates a low efficiency for target region location using SPI. In this paper, we propose a target region location method based on Fourier single-pixel imaging to locate the target without retrieving target image. The proposed method adopts the Fourier single-pixel imaging to obtain few Fourier coefficients of the target image, then the target region is located by the central slice theorem and edge detection algorithm. Experiment shows the proposed method has an excellent characteristic of low time consumption and can effectively locate the target region.

Clutter is an important part of radar signal processing. Considering the property of radar signal processing, the study of clutter characteristics and modeling is of great significance. First, this paper summarizes the scattering properties, amplitude characteristics, temporal and spatial correlations and Doppler spectrum of radar clutter. Then, function-level and signal-level simulation is discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of clutter models are finally summed up in this paper.

In order to ensure the stability of the aerospace power system in the harsh working environment and identify the weak point of the system which leads to the bad outcomes and instability of the system, the concept of power circuit fragility is raised in this paper with a thorough analysis of the stability of the aerospace power circuit. The node-index evaluation model is established based on the basic cause of the circuits stability problem. Combined with the description of the actual values of the electronic components using ternary interval number, the mathematical expression of the power supply circuits fragility is given. Taking the Superbuck aerospace power circuit as an example, this paper uses the node-index evaluation model to analyze the fragility of phase margin and overshoot, identifies the weak point of the power circuit and gives the quantization value of the phase margin and overshoot fragilities, which provides the theoretical basis for subsequent maintenance and power supply design.

A reflection TIE system consisting of a reflecting microscope and a 4f relay system is presented in this paper, with which the transport of intensity equation (TIE) is applied to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) profile of opaque micro objects like wafer structures for 3D inspection. As the shape of an object can affect the phases of waves, the 3D information of the object can be easily acquired with the multiple phases at different refocusing planes. By electronically controlled refocusing, multi-focal images can be captured and used in solving TIE to obtain the phase and depth of the object. In order to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system, the phase and depth values of several samples are calculated, and the experimental results is presented to demonstrate the performance of the system.

Machine vision plays an important part in industrial online inspection. Owing to the nonuniform illuminance conditions and variable working distances, the captured image tends to be over-exposed or under-exposed. As a result, when processing the image such as crack inspection, the algorithm complexity and computing time increase. Multiexposure high dynamic range (HDR) image synthesis is used to improve the quality of the captured image, whose dynamic range is limited. Inevitably, camera shake will result in ghost effect, which blurs the synthesis image to some extent. However, existed exposure fusion algorithms assume that the input images are either perfectly aligned or captured in the same scene. These assumptions limit the application. At present, widely used registration based on Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is usually time consuming. In order to rapidly obtain a high quality HDR image without ghost effect, we come up with an efficient Low Dynamic Range (LDR) images capturing approach and propose a registration method based on ORiented Brief (ORB) and histogram equalization which can eliminate the illumination differences between the LDR images. The fusion is performed after alignment. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust to illumination changes and local geometric distortion. Comparing with other exposure fusion methods, our method is more efficient and can produce HDR images without ghost effect by registering and fusing four multi-exposure images.

The effective application of high performance measurement technology can greatly improve the large-scale equipment manufacturing ability. Therefore, the geometric parameters measurement, such as size, attitude and position, requires the measurement system with high precision, multi-function, portability and other characteristics. However, the existing measuring instruments, such as laser tracker, total station, photogrammetry system, mostly has single function, station moving and other shortcomings. Laser tracker needs to work with cooperative target, but it can hardly meet the requirement of measurement in extreme environment. Total station is mainly used for outdoor surveying and mapping, it is hard to achieve the demand of accuracy in industrial measurement. Photogrammetry system can achieve a wide range of multi-point measurement, but the measuring range is limited and need to repeatedly move station. The paper presents a non-contact opto-electronic measuring instrument, not only it can work by scanning the measurement path but also measuring the cooperative target by tracking measurement. The system is based on some key technologies, such as absolute distance measurement, two-dimensional angle measurement, automatically target recognition and accurate aiming, precision control, assembly of complex mechanical system and multi-functional 3D visualization software. Among them, the absolute distance measurement module ensures measurement with high accuracy, and the twodimensional angle measuring module provides precision angle measurement. The system is suitable for the case of noncontact measurement of large-scale equipment, it can ensure the quality and performance of large-scale equipment throughout the process of manufacturing and improve the manufacturing ability of large-scale and high-end equipment.

Three dimensional autocollimator is based on a precise angular measurement method which has been proposed in our previous papers. Optimal design for the three dimensional autocollimator is one of the most important problem for the application of this method. Considering that the parameters and the properties of the optical system interact with each other, we analysis the relationships between the parameters and the properties in detail. It is indicated that there are four restrictions which should be considered during the design for the optical system. Then, an optimal design for the parameters of the optical system is proposed, and all the parameters of the optical system can be determined according to the properties of the autocollimator.

This paper analyzes the current situation of the use of the disconnector for the arrester, and introduces the common faults and their causes. Based on the Labview programming environment, a low cost and convenient measurement system is developed to solve the problem of test trigger and waveform acquisition, which is aimed at the lack of electrical detection methods for small manufacturing enterprises in China. Finally, the system is applied to the actual production, and the performance of product are improved.

In order to solve the problem that the simulation model is not universal, based on the method of module and data separation, we designed universal modules which is delaminated and can be expanded. Then, the simulation data management system is designed for data storage and the management of experimental parameters. At last, the simulation method is designed and verified by the temperature controlling of Industrial formaldehyde purification tower. This method realizes the separation of data and experiment, the unified management of data, and can effectively improve the generalization and the redevelopment of the simulation model, can be used in the simulation of industrial measurement and controlling.

Fringe projection is an extensively used technique for high speed three-dimensional (3D) measurements of dynamic objects. However, the motion often leads to artifacts in reconstructions due to the sequential recording of the set of patterns. In order to reduce the adverse impact of the movement, we present a novel high speed 3D scanning technique combining the fringe projection and stereo. Firstly, promising measuring speed is achieved by modifying the traditional aperiodic sinusoidal patterns so that the fringe images can be cast at kilohertz with the widely used defocusing strategy. Next, a temporal intensity tracing algorithm is developed to further alleviate the influence of motion by accurately tracing the ideal intensity for stereo matching. Then, a combined cost measure is suggested to robustly estimate the cost for each pixel. In comparison with the traditional method where the effect of motion is not considered, experimental results show that the reconstruction accuracy for dynamic objects can be improved by an order of magnitude with the proposed method.

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is an effective label-free technique for quantitatively refractive index imaging, which enables long-term monitoring of the internal three-dimensional (3D) structures and molecular composition of biological cells with minimal perturbation. However, existing optical tomographic methods generally rely on interferometric configuration for phase measurement and sophisticated mechanical systems for sample rotation or beam scanning. Thereby, the measurement is suspect to phase error coming from the coherent speckle, environmental vibrations, and mechanical error during data acquisition process. To overcome these limitations, we present a new ODT technique based on non-interferometric phase retrieval and programmable illumination emitting from a light-emitting diode (LED) array. The experimental system is built based on a traditional bright field microscope, with the light source replaced by a programmable LED array, which provides angle-variable quasi-monochromatic illumination with an angular coverage of ±37 degrees in both x and y directions (corresponding to an illumination numerical aperture of ∼ 0.6). Transport of intensity equation (TIE) is utilized to recover the phase at different illumination angles, and the refractive index distribution is reconstructed based on the ODT framework under first Rytov approximation. The missing-cone problem in ODT is addressed by using the iterative non-negative constraint algorithm, and the misalignment of the LED array is further numerically corrected to improve the accuracy of refractive index quantification. Experiments on polystyrene beads and thick biological specimens show that the proposed approach allows accurate refractive index reconstruction while greatly reduced the system complexity and environmental sensitivity compared to conventional interferometric ODT approaches.

Since liquid crystal display (LCD) screen locates outside of the camera’s field of view in fringe-reflection photogrammetry, fringes displayed on LCD screen are obtained through specular reflection by a fixed camera. Thus, the pose calibration between camera and LCD screen is one of the main challenges in fringe-reflection photogrammetry. A markerless planar mirror is used to reflect the LCD screen more than three times, and the fringes are mapped into the fixed camera. The geometrical calibration can be accomplished by estimating the pose between the camera and virtual image of fringes. With the help of the relation between their pose, incidence and reflection ray can be unified in the camera frame, forward triangulation intersection can be operated in the camera frame to measure 3D coordinate of specular surface. In the final optimization, constraint bundle adjustment is operated to refine simultaneously the camera intrinsic parameters including distortion coefficients, estimated geometrical pose between LCD screen and camera, 3D coordinate of specular surface, with the help of absolute phase collinear constraint. Results of simulations and experiments demonstrate that the pose calibration with planar mirror reflection is simple, feasible and constraint bundle adjustment can enhance the three-dimensional coordinate measurement accuracy in fringe-reflection photogrammetry.

As a category of special control points which can be automatically identified, artificial coded targets have been widely developed in the field of computer vision, photogrammetry, augmented reality, etc. In this paper, a new circular coded target designed by RockeTech technology Corp. Ltd is analyzed and studied, which is called circular coded diagonal target (CCDT). A novel detection and recognition method with good robustness is proposed in the paper, and implemented on Visual Studio. In this algorithm, firstly, the ellipse features of the center circle are used for rough positioning. Then, according to the characteristics of the center diagonal target, a circular frequency filter is designed to choose the correct center circle and eliminates non-target noise. The precise positioning of the coded target is done by the correlation coefficient fitting extreme value method. Finally, the coded target recognition is achieved by decoding the binary sequence in the outer ring of the extracted target. To test the proposed algorithm, this paper has carried out simulation experiments and real experiments. The results show that the CCDT recognition and accurate locating method proposed in this paper can robustly recognize and accurately locate the targets in complex and noisy background.

In the field of aeronautics, the geometry and dimensional accuracy of the blade edges has a large influence on the aerodynamic performance of aero engine. Therefore, a non-contact optical scanning system is established to realize the measurement of leading and trailing edges of blades in a rapid, precise and efficient manner in the paper. Based on the mechanical framework of a traditional CMM, the system is equipped with a specified sensing device as the scanning probe, which is made up by two new-style laser scanning sensors installed at a certain angle to each other by a holder. In the measuring procedure, the geometric dimensions of the measured blade edges on every contour plane are determined by the contour information on five transversals at the leading or trailing edges, which can be used to determine the machining allowance of the blades. In order to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the system set up, a precision forging blade after grinded is adopted as the measured object and its leading and trailing edges are measured by the system respectively. In the experiment, the thickness of blade edges on three contour planes is measured by the optical scanning system several times. As the experiment results show, the repeatability accuracy of the system can meet its design requirements and the inspecting demands of the blade edges. As a result, the optical scanning system could serve as a component of the intelligent manufacturing system of blades to improve the machining quality of the blade edges.

Since standard parts are necessary components in mechanical structure like bogie and connector. These mechanical structures will be shattered or loosen if standard parts are lost. So real-time standard parts inspection systems are essential to guarantee their safety. Researchers would like to take inspection systems based on deep learning because it works well in image with complex backgrounds which is common in standard parts inspection situation. A typical inspection detection system contains two basic components: feature extractors and object classifiers. For the object classifier, Region Proposal Network (RPN) is one of the most essential architectures in most state-of-art object detection systems. However, in the basic RPN architecture, the proposals of Region of Interest (ROI) have fixed sizes (9 anchors for each pixel), they are effective but they waste much computing resources and time. In standard parts detection situations, standard parts have given size, thus we can manually choose sizes of anchors based on the ground-truths through machine learning. The experiments prove that we could use 2 anchors to achieve almost the same accuracy and recall rate. Basically, our standard parts detection system could reach 15fps on NVIDIA GTX1080 (GPU), while achieving detection accuracy 90.01% mAP.

In this work, a new computational microscopy approach, named adaptive pixel-super-resolved lens-free imaging is proposed to overcome, or partially alleviate the above-mentioned limitations. The pixel aliasing problem is addressed based on Z-scanning only, without resorting to sub-pixel shifting or beam-angle manipulation. Furthermore, an adaptive relaxation factor strategy and the automatic lateral positional error correction are firstly integrated to improve the robustness of the reconstruction. Based on the proposed approach, we reconstruct the full FOV image of a USAF resolution target across a wide imaging area of ∼29.85 mm² and achieve a half-pitch lateral resolution of 770 nm at a wavelength of 660 nm, surpassing more than two times of the theoretical Nyquist-Shannon sampling resolution imposed by the sensor pixel size (1.67 μm).

The research in this paper is intended for a precise position measurement system based on 4 line-cameras. Each camera is equipped with a cylindrical lens that can stretch an image point into a line which is perpendicular to the linear CCD, thus providing one dimension of projected coordinate of the corresponding 3D point. This system has a symmetrical structure with four line-cameras being divided into two identical groups. In each group, the two linecameras are fixed together with orientations normal to each other. Those two line-cameras form a 2D image sensor that can determine a light of sight on which the target point lies, just like an area array CCD camera does. With two groups of line-cameras, the position of 3D points can be detected. In this paper, a model of the 4-line-camera system for computing the coordinates of 3D target points in object frame is proposed, which is linear and computationally efficient. In addition, a calibration approach is presented in which the exterior orientations of the four line-cameras are obtained. Experiment results have shown that the system can achieve high accuracy in coordinate measurement of light spots from 0.5m to 3.5m, which demonstrate the performance of our proposed modeling and calibration methods.

The remote temperature monitoring system based on the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is designed to collect the multi-node remote temperature. By using the STM32F103 as main controller and multiple DS18B20s as temperature sensors, the system achieves a master-slave node data acquisition and transmission based on the CAN bus protocol. And making use of the serial port communication technology to communicate with the host computer, the system achieves the function of remote temperature storage, historical data show and the temperature waveform display.

Aiming at the QoS problems of QoS and channel access in aviation Ad Hoc network under high load. A multi-channel MAC protocol(DQM)based on the dynamic QoS is put forward. On the basis of statistical multi-channel detection, DQM optimizes the network traffic to ensure high priority data transmit successfully with low latency by closuring the low priority data. Aiming at ensuring the access rate of high priority data, it utilizes the flow prediction model to predict the network flow and uses the PSO to find the most optimal priority threshold .The simulation results prove that DQM maintains an optimized network traffic by adaptively controlling channel access under high load, ensures the access rate of high priority data more than 99% and solve the QoS and latency problem caused by high traffic in aviation data link.

The quality of force-displacement diagram is significant to help evaluate the performance of shock absorbers. Damping force sampling data is often interfered by Gauss white noise, 50Hz power interference and its harmonic wave during the process of testing; data de-noising has become the core problem of drawing true, accurate and real-time indicator diagram. The noise and interference can be filtered out through generic IIR or FIR low-pass filter, but addition phase lag of useful signal will be caused due to the inherent attribute of IIR and FIR filter. The paper uses FRR method to realize zero-phase digital filtering in a software way based on mutual cancellation of phase lag between the forward and reverse sequences after through the filter. High-frequency interference above 40Hz are filtered out completely and noise attenuation is more than -40dB, with no additional phase lag. The method is able to restore the true signal as far as possible. Theoretical simulation and practical test indicate high-frequency noises have been effectively inhibited in multiple typical speed cases, signal-to-noise ratio being greatly improved; the curve in indicator diagram has better smoothness and fidelity. The FRR algorithm has low computational complexity, fast running time, and can be easily transplanted in multiple platforms.

An improved bi-frequency phase-shifting technique based on a multi-view fringe projection system is proposed, which significantly enhances the measurement precision without compromising the measurement speed. Based on the geometric constraints in a multi-view system, the unwrapped phase of the low-frequency (10-period) fringes can be obtained directly, which serves as a reference to unwrap the high-frequency phase map with a total number of periods of up to 160. Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes are performed, verifying that our method can achieve real-time and high-precision 3-D measurement with a precision of about 50 μm.

Optical components with aspheric surfaces can improve the imaging quality of optical systems, and also provide extra advantages such as lighter weight, smaller volume and simper structure. In order to satisfy these performance requirements, the surface error of aspheric surfaces, especially high departure aspheric surfaces must be measured accurately and conveniently. The major obstacle of traditional null-interferometry for aspheric surface under test is that specific and complex null optics need to be designed to fully compensate for the normal aberration of the aspheric surface under test. However, non-null interferometry partially compensating for the aspheric normal aberration can test aspheric surfaces without specific null optics. In this work, a novel non-null test approach of measuring the deviation between aspheric surfaces and the best reference sphere by using improved two-wavelength phase shifting interferometer is described. With the help of the calibration based on reverse iteration optimization, we can effectively remove the retrace error and thus improve the accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that this method can measure the aspheric surface with the departure of over tens of microns from the best reference sphere, which introduces approximately 500λ of wavefront aberration at the detector.

A new calibration technique for line-structured light scanning systems is proposed in this study. Compared with existing methods, this technique is more flexible and practical. Complicated operations, precision calibration target and positioning devices are all unnecessary. Only a blank planar board, which is placed at several(at least two) arbitrary orientations, and an additional camera that is calibrated under the global coordinate system are required. Control points are obtained through improved binocular intersection algorithm that avoids corresponding points matching and then used to calculate the light stripe plane through least square fitting. Experiment results indicate that the system calibrated by this technique is able to conduct surface measurement, offering an accuracy superior to 32μm(RMS).

This paper introduces a design and implementation of high frequency signal acquisition and control system based on DSP + FPGA. The system supports internal/external clock and internal/external trigger sampling. It has a maximum sampling rate of 400MBPS and has a 1.4GHz input bandwidth for the ADC. Data can be collected continuously or periodically in systems and they are stored in DDR2. At the same time, the system also supports real-time acquisition, the collected data after digital frequency conversion and Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filtering, which then be sent to the CPCI bus through the high-speed DSP, can be assigned to the fiber board for subsequent processing. The system integrates signal acquisition and pre-processing functions, which uses high-speed A/D, high-speed DSP and FPGA mixed technology and has a wide range of uses in data acquisition and recording. In the signal processing, the system can be seamlessly connected to the dedicated processor board. The system has the advantages of multi-selectivity, good scalability and so on, which satisfies the different requirements of different signals in different projects.

As the development of the measuring technology, laser displacement sensors become the most commonly used ones in the field of dimensional metrology as a result of their versatility and mature technology. However, as the differences of environment conditions and the variation of measured surfaces, the measuring errors of the laser displacement sensor may be large when used in actual application, in which the nominal accuracy of the laser sensor cannot be reached. Therefore, a precsion optimization method for the laser displacement sensor is proposed in the paper based on analysis of the principle of optical trigonometry, which can be used to reduces the measuring errors. The method is a kind of spatial filtering algorithm based on the self-adjusting domain. On the basis of the idea of spatial filtering, the method could determine the measuring errors and the optimization region according to the different measured surfaces automatically. As the experiment results show, the optimization method could be used to describe the measured object precisely and decrease the measuring error to up to 50%, which may deal with the low accuracy of the optical scanning and measuring task. With the accuracy optimization method proposed in the paper, the sensor can reach the measuring accuracy of micrometer level. Therefore, the measurement of high efficiency and high precision can be achieved.

Microscopic 3-D shape measurement can supply accurate metrology of the delicacy and complexity of MEMS components of the final devices to ensure their proper performance. Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has the advantages of noncontactness and high accuracy, making it widely used in 3-D measurement. Recently, tremendous advance of electronics development promotes 3-D measurements to be more accurate and faster. However, research about real-time microscopic 3-D measurement is still rarely reported. In this work, we effectively combine optimized binary structured pattern with number-theoretical phase unwrapping algorithm to realize real-time 3-D shape measurement. A slight defocusing of our proposed binary patterns can considerably alleviate the measurement error based on phase-shifting FPP, making the binary patterns have the comparable performance with ideal sinusoidal patterns. Real-time 3-D measurement about 120 frames per second (FPS) is achieved, and experimental result of a vibrating earphone is presented.

A 3D scanning system based on single Kinect sensor is constructed for the application of fast 3D modeling of actual objects. After the scanning model is optimized by geometric repair and smoothing, the 3D model can be processed directly by 3D modeling software. The standard model of known size is scanned and modeled, and the obtained digital model is analyzed in the 3D processing software. The experimental results show that the scanning accuracy of the 3D scanning system constructed in this paper is better than 1%, which can meet the need of rapid 3D modeling of objects in most cases.

In this paper, a modified 3D computational reconstruction method in the compressive 4D-spectro-volumetric snapshot imaging system is proposed for better sensing spectral information of 3D objects. In the design of the imaging system, a microlens array (MLA) is used to obtain a set of multi-view elemental images (EIs) of the 3D scenes. Then, these elemental images with one dimensional spectral information and different perspectives are captured by the coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) which can sense the spectral data cube onto a compressive 2D measurement image. Finally, the depth images of 3D objects at arbitrary depths, like a focal stack, are computed by inversely mapping the elemental images according to geometrical optics. With the spectral estimation algorithm, the spectral information of 3D objects is also reconstructed. Using a shifted translation matrix, the contrast of the reconstruction result is further enhanced. Numerical simulation results verify the performance of the proposed method. The system can obtain both 3D spatial information and spectral data on 3D objects using only one single snapshot, which is valuable in the agricultural harvesting robots and other 3D dynamic scenes.

This research mainly focuses on precise pneumatic-electric displacement sensor which has large measurement range. Under the high precision, measurement range can be expanded so that the need of high precision as well as large range can be satisfied in the field of machining inspection technology. This research was started by the analysis of pneumatic-measuring theory. Then, an gas circuit measuring system which is based on differential pressure was designed. This designed system can reach two aims: Firstly, to convert displacement signal into gas signal; Secondly, to reduce the measurement error which caused by pressure and environmental turbulence. Furthermore, in consideration of the high requirement for linearity, sensitivity and stability, the project studied the pneumatic-electric transducer which puts the SCX series pressure sensor as a key part. The main purpose of this pneumatic-electric transducer is to convert gas signal to suitable electrical signal. Lastly, a broken line subsection linearization circuit was designed, which can nonlinear correct the output characteristic curve so as to enlarge the linear measurement range. The final result could be briefly described like this: under the condition that measuring error is less than 1μm, measurement range could be extended to approximately 200μm which is much higher than the measurement range of traditional pneumatic measuring instrument. Meanwhile, it can reach higher exchangeability and stability in order to become more suitable to engineering application.

The measurement accuracy of the rotation and slope of terrain is a critical factor for the performance of some scene simulation application systems. As the main observed illuminant outdoors, the sun can furnish a rich source of information about the scene. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the coordinates of the sun in photographs and the zenith and azimuth angles of the camera. By fitting a model of the predicted sun position to the pinhole camera model, we show how to measure the rotation and slope of terrain by using a photograph containing the sun. We test our methods on a sequence of photographs with known camera parameters, and obtain deviation of less than 1.7° for the rotation angle and 2.2° for the slope angle of the terrain. The measuring method by using a photograph containing the sun can be useful for a variety of practical applications such as navigation, time measurement and camera calibration.

This study concerns an orthogonal diffraction grating-based nanometer displacement sensor. In this study, we performed calculation of displacements in the XYZ directions. In the optical measured path part, we used a two-dimensional orthogonal motion grating and a two-dimensional orthogonal reference grating with the pitch of 0.5um to measure the displacement of XYZ in three directions by detecting ±1st diffraction fringes. The self-collimated structure of the grating greatly extended the Z-axis range. We also simulated the optical path of the sensor with ZEMAX software and verified the feasibility of the scheme. For signal subdivision and processing, we combined large number counting (completed grating line) with small number counting (digital subdivision), realizing high multiples of subdivision of grating interference signals. We used PC to process the interference fringes and greatly improved the processing speed. In the scheme, the theoretical multiples of subdivision could reach 1024 with 10-bit AD conversion, but the actual multiples of subdivision was limited by the quality of the grating interference signals. So we introduced an orthogonal compensation circuit and a filter circuit to improve the signal quality.

With the rapid development of computer vision, vision measurement and 3D reconstruction have become a hot research trend. However, it is still a problem to reconstruct the weak texture surface in engineering. In this paper, we present the systematic design and implementation of an automatic measurement system based on binocular vision. The hardware configuration of the verification platform is presented, including CCD cameras, stepper motors, laser displacement sensors and so on. Binocular-vision algorithms including camera calibration, feature extraction, stereo match and 3D reconstruction are prompted to reconstruct the weak texture surface. An experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of this platform.

In the trends of intelligent manufacturing, fringe projection profilometry is one of the most widely used techniques for obtaining three dimensional (3D) cloud of parts. However, this measuring technique may introduce interreflections by parts with strong reflection, which leads to phase calculation and 3D point reconstruction mistakes. In this paper we proposed adaptive regional projection method to measure interreflections area of parts with strong reflection. For a parts to be measured, we detect the surfaces of interreflections on it and give their pose in optical measurement system firstly. Then the system measure interreflections areas one surface by one surface. We measure complete cloud of a parts with strong reflection as the experiment, which illustrates our method is feasible.

Digital holographic microscopy is a promising quantitative phase-contrast imaging technique, which exhibits the advantages of non-destruction, full field of view, quasi-real time, and don’t need dye and external marker to the living biological sample. In this paper, the inverted off-axis image-plane digital holography with pre-magnification is built up to study the living MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The lateral resolution of the proposed experimental setup is 0.87μm, which is verified by the standard USAF test target. Then the system is used to visualize the interaction between living breast cancer cells and drug. The blebbing is observed after the cells are treated by paclitaxel drug, and the distribution of the paclitaxel inside the cells is detected, which is near the cytomembrane, or in other words the end of the microtubules. It will stop the mitosis and cause the death of the cells. It is helpful to reveal the anticancer mechanism of paclitaxel in the subcellular scale.

With the development of science and technology and the maturity of measurement technology, the 3D profile measurement technology has been developed rapidly. Three dimensional measurement technology is widely used in mold manufacturing, industrial inspection, automatic processing and manufacturing, etc. There are many kinds of situations in scientific research and industrial production. It is necessary to transform the original mechanical parts into the 3D data model on the computer quickly and accurately. At present, many methods have been developed to measure the contour size, laser triangulation is one of the most widely used methods.

The power amplifier is an important part of the high power digital transceiver module, because of its great demand and diverse measurement indicators, an automatic test system is designed to meet the production requirements of the power amplifiers as the manual test cannot meet the demand of consistency. This paper puts forward the plan of the automatic test system based on LXI bus technology, introduces the hardware and software architecture of the system. The test system has been used for debugging and testing the power amplifiers stably and efficiently, which greatly saves work force and effectively improves productivity.

Digital Moiré based transient interferometry (DMTI) is an effective non-contact testing methods for optical surfaces. In DMTI system, only one frame of real interferogram is experimentally captured for the transient measurement of the surface under test (SUT). When combined with partial compensation interferometry (PCI), DMTI is especially appropriate for the measurement of aspheres with large apertures, large asphericity or different surface parameters. Residual wavefront is allowed in PCI, so the same partial compensator can be applied to the detection of multiple SUTs. Excessive residual wavefront aberration results in spectrum aliasing, and the dynamic range of DMTI is limited. In order to solve this problem, a method based on wavelet transform is proposed to extract phase from the fringe pattern with spectrum aliasing. Results of simulation demonstrate the validity of this method. The dynamic range of Digital Moiré technology is effectively expanded, which makes DMTI prospective in surface figure error measurement for intelligent fabrication of aspheric surfaces.

The bearing only tracking problem is to measure the position and velocity of moving points from a moving camera. The method in this paper mainly solves the measurement problem of a single camera or some non-synchronized cameras. This paper introduces the process model and basic method of bearing only tracking problem, and the different optimization methods based on it, then compares the advantages and disadvantages of those optimization methods. The research method of this kind of problem is discussed in the last of this paper.

According to specific requirements of the X-ray machine system for measuring velocity of outfield projectile, a DC high voltage power supply system is designed for the high voltage or the smaller current. The system comprises: a series resonant circuit is selected as a full-bridge inverter circuit; a high-frequency zero-current soft switching of a high-voltage power supply is realized by PWM output by STM32; a nanocrystalline alloy transformer is chosen as a high-frequency booster transformer; and the related parameters of an LCC series-parallel resonant are determined according to the preset parameters of the transformer. The concrete method includes: a LCC series parallel resonant circuit and a voltage doubling circuit are stimulated by using MULTISM and MATLAB; selecting an optimal solution and an optimal parameter of all parts after stimulation analysis; and finally verifying the correctness of the parameter by stimulation of the whole system. Through stimulation analysis, the output voltage of the series-parallel resonant circuit gets to 10KV in 28s: then passing through the voltage doubling circuit, the output voltage gets to 120KV in one hour. According to the system, the wave range of the output voltage is so small as to provide the stable X-ray supply for the X-ray machine for measuring velocity of outfield projectile. It is fast in charging and high in efficiency.

A new linear structured light module based on the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) two-dimensional scanning micromirror was designed and created. This module consists of a laser diode, a convex lens, and the MEMS micromirror. The laser diode generates the light and the convex lens control the laser beam to converge on a single point with large depth of focus. The fast scan in horizontal direction of the micromirror will turn the laser spot into a homogenous laser line. Meanwhile, the slow scan in vertical direction of the micromirror will move the laser line in the vertical direction. The width of the line generated by this module is 300μm and the length is 120mm and the moving distance is 100mm at 30cm away from the module. It will promote the development of industrial detection.

Digital holography has become a powerful method for measuring three-dimensional topography of complex shapes. The application of optical-fibers can make the system more compact and flexible. However, some problems are also brought into the system by the use of optical-fibers. In order to facilitate the analysis and optimization of the measurement system, the digital holographic interferometry system is simulated in the optics software which is based on field-tracing. This allows the seamless combination of different numerical analysis techniques in different subdomains of the system. The fiber coupling efficiency is optimized. Hereby the parameters of the coupling lens and the splitting ratio can be determined. Finally the object wave is reconstructed from the interferograms, which verifies the reliability of the optimization results.

In order to avoid shortcomings of low efficiency and restricted measuring range exsited in traditional 3D on-line contact measurement method for workpiece size, the development of a novel 3D contact measurement system is introduced, which is designed for intelligent manufacturing based on stereo vision. The developed contact measurement system is characterized with an intergarted use of a handy probe, a binocular stereo vision system, and advanced measurement software.The handy probe consists of six track markers, a touch probe and the associated elcetronics. In the process of contact measurement, the hand probe can be located by the use of the stereo vision system and track markers, and 3D coordinates of a space point on the workpiece can be mearsured by calculating the tip position of a touch probe. With the flexibility of the hand probe, the orientation, range, density of the 3D contact measurenent can be adptable to different needs. Applications of the developed contact measurement system to high-precision measurement and rapid surface digitization are experimentally demonstrated.

In view of the measurement of the slot surface difference in the large-scale mechanical assembly process, Based on high frequency laser scanning technology and laser detection imaging principle, This paragraph designs a double galvanometer pulse laser scanning system. Laser probe scanning system architecture consists of three parts: laser ranging part, mechanical scanning part, data acquisition and processing part. The part of laser range uses high-frequency laser range finder to measure the distance information of the target shape and get a lot of point cloud data. Mechanical scanning part includes high-speed rotary table, high-speed transit and related structure design, in order to realize the whole system should be carried out in accordance with the design of scanning path on the target three-dimensional laser scanning. Data processing part mainly by FPGA hardware with LAbVIEW software to design a core, to process the point cloud data collected by the laser range finder at the high-speed and fitting calculation of point cloud data, to establish a three-dimensional model of the target, so laser scanning imaging is realized.

A system method of constructing stereo vision by using neural network is proposed, and the operation and control mechanism in actual operation are proposed. This method makes effective use of the neural network in learning and memory function, by after training with samples. Moreover, the neural network can learn the nonlinear relationship in the stereoscopic vision system and the internal and external orientation elements. These considerations are Worthy of attention, which includes limited constraints, the scientific of critical group, the operating speed and the operability in technical aspects. The results support our theoretical forecast.

With no necessity of compensating the whole aberration introduced by the aspheric surfaces, non-null test has the advantage over null test in applicability. However, retrace error, which is brought by the path difference between the rays reflected from the surface under test (SUT) and the incident rays, is introduced into the measurement and makes up of the residual wavefront aberrations (RWAs) along with surface figure error (SFE), misalignment error and other influences. Being difficult to separate from RWAs, the misalignment error may remain after measurement and it is hard to identify whether it is removed or not. It is a primary task to study the removal of misalignment error. A brief demonstration of digital Moiré interferometric technique is presented and a calibration method for misalignment error on the basis of reverse iteration optimization (RIO) algorithm in non-null test method is addressed. The proposed method operates mostly in the virtual system, and requires no accurate adjustment in the real interferometer, which is of significant advantage in reducing the errors brought by repeating complicated manual adjustment, furthermore improving the accuracy of the aspheric surface test. Simulation verification is done in this paper. The calibration accuracy of the position and attitude can achieve at least a magnitude of 10^-5 mm and 0.0056×10^-6rad, respectively. The simulation demonstrates that the influence of misalignment error can be precisely calculated and removed after calibration.

Because of the ability to optimize the 3D points and viewing parameters jointly and simultaneously, Sparse Bundle Adjustment (SBA) is an essential procedure and usually used as the last step of Structure from Motion (SFM). Recent development of SBA is incline to research on combination of the numeric method with matrix compression technique for more efficient and less memory consuming, and of prior information with SBA for the high accuracy. In this paper, a new hard constrained SBA method for multi-camera is presented. This method takes the prior information of 3D model or multi-camera into account as a hard constraint, and its solution is accomplished by the Lagrange multiplier method and Schur complement combined and with block matrix. The contribution of this work is that it provides a solution integrate constraint and multi-camera SBA, which is desired in the SFM problem and photogrammetry area. Another noticeable aspect is that obvious less time consuming with block matrix based than without, and the accuracy is maintained.

As an important measuring technique, white light interferometry can realize fast and non-contact measurement, thus it is now widely used in the field of ultra-precision engineering. However, the traditional recovery algorithms of surface topographies have flaws and limits. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to solve these problems. It is a combination of Fourier transform and improved polynomial fitting method. Because the white light interference signal is usually expressed as a cosine signal whose amplitude is modulated by a Gaussian function, its fringe visibility is not constant and varies with different scanning positions. The interference signal is processed first by Fourier transform, then the positive frequency part is selected and moved back to the center of the amplitude-frequency curve. In order to restore the surface morphology, a polynomial fitting method is used to fit the amplitude curve after inverse Fourier transform and obtain the corresponding topography information. The new method is then compared to the traditional algorithms. It is proved that the aforementioned drawbacks can be effectively overcome. The relative error is less than 0.8%.

To meet the requirements of high performances of linear guideway, an aerostatic lubrication model (ALM) with orifice restriction is put forward with finite difference method based on the bearing of slider block. With the combination of flux-error feedback and grids parameter optimization, the model is solved and the static behaviors of the bearing are obtained, and the bearing configurations, such as the diameter, number and position of the orifice are optimized. Finally, the performance test of the linear guideway is carried out, and the theoretical results have a good agreement with the experimental data. The actual stiffness and linearity of the system are 59N/μm and 0.3μm/255mm respectively. The conclusions are useful for the design and analysis of high precision aerostatic equipment.

Online 3-D laser-scanner is a non-contact measurement system with high speed, high precision and easy operation, which can be used to measure heavy and high-temperature forgings. But the current online laser measurement system is mainly a mobile light indicator, which can only be used in the limited environment and lacks the capability of 3-D accurate measurement. This paper mainly introduces the structure of the online high-speed real-time 3-D measurement for heavy high-temperature forgings of Academy of Opto-Electronics (AOE), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Combining TOF pulse distance measurement with hybrid scan mode, the system can scan and acquire point cloud data of an area of 20m×10m with a 75°×40° field of view at the distance of 20m. The entire scanning time is less than 5 seconds with an accuracy of 8mm, which can meet the online dimensional measurement requirements of heavy high-temperature forgings.

Microscope is the primary scientific instrument in many laboratories. Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, requirements on the performance of microscopic imaging are growing rapidly. Light field microscopy (LFM) is an effective approach of obtaining three-dimensional (3D) information. However, the LFM compromises the spatial resolution of image. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new method by combining LFM with Fourier ptychographic (FP) algorithm, which iteratively stitches together a number of variably illuminated, low-resolution intensity images in Fourier space to produce a wide-field, high-resolution complex sample image. The hardware implement of the system is mainly introduced, which contains the image system and the illumination system. This system uses epi-illumination for non-transparent sample image. To verify the capability of this system, experiments have been done. Firstly, a 150 μm size micro-lens array was used to image without FP algorithm. Secondly, FP algorithm was added to the experiments. Preliminary results showed the potential of the method.

The DSP blocks on modern FPGAs are highly capable and support a variety of different multiplication operation. High level synthesis is one of the important DSP block development tools. the tool needs accurate estimation latency of the DSP block application circuit in order to produce good design solutions while converts the C++ code to Verilog code. Especially DSP blocks have pipeline structure, the latency estimation is more important. We propose a machine learning method which can accurate estimation minimum latency of DSP block multiplication application circuit in high level synthesis. The experiments show that the proposed approach is more accurate than Vivado-Hls to estimate the latency of DSP block application circuit. Sometimes the same clock frequency, using the method of this paper, the DSP application circuit can save 50% latency than the Vivado HLS tool.

Large scale components exist widely in advance manufacturing industry,3D profilometry plays a pivotal role for the quality control. This paper proposes a flexible, robust large-scale 3D scanning system by integrating a robot with a binocular structured light scanner and a laser tracker. The measurement principle and system construction of the integrated system are introduced. And a mathematical model is established for the global data fusion. Subsequently, a flexible and robust method and mechanism is introduced for the establishment of the end coordination system. Based on this method, a virtual robot noumenon is constructed for hand-eye calibration. And then the transformation matrix between end coordination system and world coordination system is solved. Validation experiment is implemented for verifying the proposed algorithms. Firstly, hand-eye transformation matrix is solved. Then a car body rear is measured for 16 times for the global data fusion algorithm verification. And the 3D shape of the rear is reconstructed successfully.

With the increase of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) functionality, FPGA has become an on-chip system platform. Due to increase the complexity of FPGA, estimating the delay of FPGA is a very challenge work. To solve the problems, we propose a transfer learning estimation delay (TLED) method to simplify the delay estimation of different speed grade FPGA. In fact, the same style different speed grade FPGA comes from the same process and layout. The delay has some correlation among different speed grade FPGA. Therefore, one kind of speed grade FPGA is chosen as a basic training sample in this paper. Other training samples of different speed grade can get from the basic training samples through of transfer learning. At the same time, we also select a few target FPGA samples as training samples. A general predictive model is trained by these samples. Thus one kind of estimation model is used to estimate different speed grade FPGA circuit delay. The framework of TRED includes three phases: 1) Building a basic circuit delay library which includes multipliers, adders, shifters, and so on. These circuits are used to train and build the predictive model. 2) By contrasting experiments among different algorithms, the forest random algorithm is selected to train predictive model. 3) The target circuit delay is predicted by the predictive model.

The Artix-7, Kintex-7, and Virtex-7 are selected to do experiments. Each of them includes -1, -2, -2l, and -3 different speed grade. The experiments show the delay estimation accuracy score is more than 92% with the TLED method. This result shows that the TLED method is a feasible delay assessment method, especially in the high-level synthesis stage of FPGA tool, which is an efficient and effective delay assessment method.

Currently the measurement of complex surfaces is a challenging task in precision engineering. Full aperture measurement is difficult to meet the requirements on accuracy and range at the same time, thus sub-aperture stitching measurement is conducted in turn. A robust six degrees of freedom stitching method is proposed for the in-situ subaperture measurement. The partial-partial-iterative closest point (PPICP) algorithm with a point-to-plane minimization approach is used. To avoid the potential over-influence of outliers, robust M-estimation techniques is applied for the processing of data. The optimal motion parameters are solved iteratively using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Curved surface interpolation technology based on the Delaunay triangulation is used to complete the surface integration for achieving seamless surface stitching. The PPICP method can effectively eliminate the systematic measurement errors, such as tilt, translation and rotation errors. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy, efficiency and stability for precision in-situ measurements.

Simple harmonic waves and synthesized simple harmonic waves are widely used in the test of instruments. However, because of the errors caused by clearance of gear and time-delay error of FPGA, it is difficult to control servo electric cylinder in precise simple harmonic motion under high speed, high frequency and large load conditions. To solve the problem, a method of error compensation is proposed in this paper. In the method, a displacement sensor is fitted on the piston rod of the electric cylinder. By using the displacement sensor, the real-time displacement of the piston rod is obtained and fed back to the input of servo motor, then a closed loop control is realized. There is compensation of pulses in the next period of the synthetic waves. This paper uses FPGA as the processing core. The software mainly comprises a waveform generator, an Ethernet module, a memory module, a pulse generator, a pulse selector, a protection module, an error compensation module. A durability of shock absorbers is used as the testing platform. The durability mainly comprises a single electric cylinder, a servo motor for driving the electric cylinder, and the servo motor driver.

The power distribution system (PDS) mainly realizes the power distribution and management of the electrical load of the whole spacecraft, which is directly related to the success or failure of the mission, and hence is an important part of the spacecraft. In order to improve the reliability and intelligent degree of the PDS, and considering the function and composition of spacecraft power distribution system, this paper systematically expounds the design principle and method of the intelligent power distribution system based on SSPC, and provides the analysis and verification of the test data additionally.

Temperature is an important factor affecting the performance of TO package LD. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of LD, a temperature control circuit for LD based on PID technology is designed. The MAX1978 and an external PID circuit are used to form a control circuit that drives the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) to achieve control of temperature and the external load can be changed. The system circuit has low power consumption, high integration and high precision,and the circuit can achieve precise control of the LD temperature. Experiment results show that the circuit can achieve effective and stable control of the laser temperature.

Due to the assumption that Hyperspectral image (HSI) should conform to Gaussian distribution, traditional Mahalanobis distance-based anomaly targets detectors perform poor because the assumption may not always hold. In order to solve those problems, a deep learning based detector, Deep Belief Network(DBN) anomaly detector(DBN-AD), was proposed to fit the unknown distribution of HSI by energy modeling, the reconstruction errors of this encode-decode processing are used for discriminating the anomaly targets. Experiments are implemented on real and synthesized HSI dataset which collection by Airborne Visible Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Comparing to classic anomaly detector, the proposed method shows better performance, it performs about 0.17 higher in Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) than that of Reed-Xiaoli detector(RXD) and Kernel-RXD (K-RXD).