There are limited clinical trials that deal with the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in addition to conventional scaling and root planing (SRP), due to the clinical and biological parameters of periodontitis. The scope of this review is to evaluate the interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT) over the last 10 years, as an alternative to traditional methods, more comfortable for all patients. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, in the last 10 years were identified, all of them having PDT compared to conventional non-surgical treatment as FMD and medication. Data on changes in clinical and microbiological parameters were extracted. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment were conducted. There were clinical heterogeneities among included studies. PDT as an independent treatment or as an adjunct to SRP did not demonstrate major statistically or clinically significant advantages. Combined therapy of PDT + SRP indicated a probable efficacy in CAL gain or probing depth reduction.
The healing process of bone defects is time consuming, and new bone generation takes place slowly because of decreased blood supply to the fracture site and insufficiency of calcium and phosphorus to strengthen and harden new bone. In addition, large defects, also known as critical bone defects, may not heal spontaneously and lead to nonunion prognosis due to the size of defects or unstable biomechanical properties, unfavorable wound environment, suboptimal surgical technique, metabolic factors, hormones, nutrition, and applied stress.
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