There are limited clinical trials that deal with the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in addition to conventional scaling and root planing (SRP), due to the clinical and biological parameters of periodontitis. The scope of this review is to evaluate the interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT) over the last 10 years, as an alternative to traditional methods, more comfortable for all patients. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, in the last 10 years were identified, all of them having PDT compared to conventional non-surgical treatment as FMD and medication. Data on changes in clinical and microbiological parameters were extracted. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment were conducted. There were clinical heterogeneities among included studies. PDT as an independent treatment or as an adjunct to SRP did not demonstrate major statistically or clinically significant advantages. Combined therapy of PDT + SRP indicated a probable efficacy in CAL gain or probing depth reduction.
Dental caries are multifactorial, transmissible and infectious diseases, caused mainly by the complex interaction of cariogenic oral flora (bacterial biofilm) with fermentable alimentary carbohydrates on the tooth surface, over a period of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual caries using a fluorescent lamp, caries detection dye, as well as combining these two methods in the diagnosing phase. The sample consisted of 4 patients with age between 23-29, from which were evaluated 10 dental units (9 molars and 1 premolar) with uncomplicated carious process of the occlusal surface and no other oral pathologies. First of all, was performed an initial clinical and x-ray exam, after that the carious process was removed. The next step was represented by visual and tactile examination of excavated cavity and the examination with UV lamp was also performed. These two methods of examination were performed after that together with revealing substance. The value obtained by using the revealing substance and lamp exams are insignificantly higher than the ones obtained through the revelling substance (p=0.414 with the significance threshold of α=0,05). Using the fluorescent lamp is more efficient than using caries revealing substances, because the substances need to be used carefully, and only as an adjuvant of the clinical exam, since these can lead to an over-preparation.
The healing process of bone defects is time consuming, and new bone generation takes place slowly because of decreased blood supply to the fracture site and insufficiency of calcium and phosphorus to strengthen and harden new bone. In addition, large defects, also known as critical bone defects, may not heal spontaneously and lead to nonunion prognosis due to the size of defects or unstable biomechanical properties, unfavorable wound environment, suboptimal surgical technique, metabolic factors, hormones, nutrition, and applied stress.
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