Systems of augmented reality are widely used not only in military but and in civil application. Providing a sufficient size for the pupil zone, which is the area where the user’s eye could be located, may be implemented in different ways. One of the ways is to multiply (duplicate) the pupil using a beam-splitting with special coating or elements, for example with semi-transparent layers. This method is very attractive because it can provide the most compact schemes. The compound prismatic combiner which uses waveguide principle is considered and analyzed in the work. It was shown in previous work that the angles of the entrance prism and layers should be chosen in certain limits to provide beam passing through the structure due to total internal reflection, partially reflected by beam-splitting layers. This structure has mosaic structure of the pupil zone that means appearing the dark zones where the part of an image does not exist. To minimize dark zones the structure step should be minimal but the ghost images may appear. Dark zones size and brightness of the ghosts are dependent on the combiner’s parameters, so we can find optimal case as a compromise between the dark zone size and ghost image. Analysis of the ghosts’ brightness was implemented, and optimal locations of the observer’s eye and optimal structure parameters were found from the point of view of minimizing ghosts for the system with the smallest blind zone sizes.
Problems of designing of systems for virtual display systems for augmented reality placed near the observers eye (so called head worn displays) with the light guide prismatic elements are considered. Systems of augmented reality is the complex consists of the image generator (most often it’s the microdisplay with the illumination system if the display is not self-luminous), the objective which forms the display image practically in infinity and the combiner which organizes the light splitting so that an observer could see the information of the microdisplay and the surrounding environment as the background at the same time. This work deals with the system with the combiner based on the composite structure of the prism elements. In the work three cases of the prism combiner design are considered and also the results of the modeling with the optical design software are presented. In the model the question of the large pupil zone was analyzed and also the discontinuous character (mosaic structure) of the angular field in transmission of the information from the microdisplay to the observer’s eye with the prismatic structure are discussed.
This paper briefly reviews the use of a verified model to investigate light scatter metrology to detect the presence of defects in semiconductor circuit vias. Three types of defects are examined. Although defects can be detected, there are practical problems associated with separating defects from acceptable changes in dielectric film thickness.
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