We measure radio frequency electromagnetic wave total scattering cross-sections and internal radio frequency electromagnetic field distributions for several novel types of MEMs atomic vapor cells, optimized for Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electric field sensing. Vapor cells that use metamaterial structures are described. The vapor cells are designed for high radio frequency transmission, uniform internal radio frequency field amplitudes, and low radar scattering cross-section. Experimental scattering data and radio frequency field amplitude maps from functioning vapor cells are presented. The total scattering cross-sections are calibrated to the total scattering cross-sections for a series of steel balls, whose scattering is quantified using Mie scattering theory. We measure across a span of radio frequencies ranging from ~1 GHz – 20 GHz. The work is important for engineering Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electric field sensors for deployment in applications such as test and measurement.
In this paper, we describe methods for eliminating residual Doppler shifts and engineering vapor cells for specific applications in Rydberg atom-based electrometry. We have shown that a 3-photon co-linear scheme is able to reduce residual Doppler shifts to the order of magnitude of the Rydberg state decay times. Recently, we have carried out experiments using the approach and shown that sub-residual Doppler shift spectral line shapes can be obtained. We demonstrate spectral bandwidths of 500 kHz using the cesium 42P3/2 Rydberg state. We have also developed several types of novel vapor cells for Rydberg atom-based electrometry for applications in metrology. We discuss and describe our analysis of one of these vapor cells.
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