KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Data transmission, Signal to noise ratio, Transducers, Signal attenuation, Data communications, Background noise, Sensors, Wave propagation, Head
With the rapid development of wireless network technology, modern land and sky have formed a huge communication network. However, in the marine environment, network communication is still at a low level. With the economic globalization, the demand for the exploration of marine resources is increasing, and the country is also increasing the research on underwater acoustic communication and data transmission technology. The underwater acoustic network transmits data through acoustic signals, and the speed of sound is usually 1500m/s , which is about 5 orders of magnitude lower than the propagation speed of radio waves (3×10 8 m/s). In the underwater acoustic channel, the signal is also affected by background noise, temperature, salinity and Doppler effect, which makes the utilization of channel resources low, resulting in long delay, low signal-to-noise ratio and low throughput of underwater acoustic communication. Therefore, it is very important to design a reliable, efficient, and low-latency underwater acoustic network communication method.
A low-power, long-range chain buoy monitoring network based on LoRa technology is designed for marine environment monitoring with characteristics of continuity and wide area. Firstly, the overall architecture of the marine environment monitoring network is constructed, two communication mechanisms are designed, namely timed reporting and downlink control, and are designed from both hardware and software perspectives. By analyzing the different parameters of LoRa, the best compromise was determined in terms of communication distance, power consumption and number of network nodes. Experiments show that the transmission performance of the buoy network is reliable and stable in LoRa chain networking mode, the transmitting current of a single node in networking state is less than 150mA, the packet loss rate is less than 1% in normal mode, and the distance between nodes can reach 1000m, which can meet the functional requirements of marine monitoring buoys.
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