Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit a unique nonlinear optical response, where the emission intensity in the UV/blue range increases non-linearly with the excitation intensity of a continuous-wave (CW) laser in the NIR range. This property can provide inherent three-dimensional (3D) capabilities for various applications. As a demonstration, we illustrate that 3D fluorescence imaging is achievable without the need for a pinhole or ultrafast pulsed lasers, allowing us to image mouse cerebrovascular networks up to the depth of around 700 μm through opaque brain tissues. Additionally, we demonstrate that co-dispersing UCNPs with photosensitizers enables depth-targeted photodynamic therapy with reduced damage to superficial cells. The nonlinear optical properties of UCNPs hold promise for providing 3D capabilities across a wide range of applications.
In this paper, we had designed the hole transport layer of the new composite skeleton structure having a high energy band gap, high triplet energy and charge mobility. And we proposed a new structure to incorporate carbazole on thiophene to solve energy band gap, triplet energy and charge mobility. The structures and properties of the synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, triplet energy, charge mobility. As a result of NMR measurement, it was confirmed that when analyzing the integrated type with the position where the measured peak is displayed, it agrees with the structure of hole transport materials. The emission characteristics of the hole transport layer material showed absorption characteristics at 401nm and 377nm, respectively, and exhibited emission characteristics in the range of 460nm and 435nm. respectively, The triplet energy was 2.78 eV and mobility was 7.12X10-6 cm2/Vs.
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