Donors in silicon is a potential scalable qubit platform for quantum technologies due the compatibility with existing microelectronic fabrication. Bismuth donors are particularly interesting due to their large nuclear spin and strong hyperfine coupling, manifesting as a 20-dimensional Hilbert space with a hyperfine splitting of 30.5 µeV which can be resolved without the application of a magnetic field. Fully scalable manufacturing of deterministically positioned donors can only be achieved through single ion implantation. Here we will present a review of our recent optical characterisation studies of implanted Bi donors which address the challenges of by the implantation route for the delivery of usable materials for quantum technologies.
We investigate the possibility to selectively reflect certain wavelengths while maintaining the optical properties on other spectral ranges. This is of particular interest for transparent materials, which for specific applications may require high reflectivity at pre-determined frequencies. Although there exist currently techniques such as coatings to produce selective reflection, this work focuses on new approaches for mass production of polyethylene sheets which incorporate either additives or surface patterning for selective reflection between 8 to 13 μ m. Typical additives used to produce a greenhouse effect in plastics include particles such as clays, silica or hydroxide materials. However, the absorption of thermal radiation is less efficient than the decrease of emissivity as it can be compared with the inclusion of Lambertian materials. Photonic band gap engineering by the periodic structuring of metamaterials is known in nature for producing the vivid bright colors in certain organisms via strong wavelength-selective reflection. Research to artificially engineer such structures has mainly focused on wavelengths in the visible and near infrared. However few studies to date have been carried out to investigate the properties of metastructures in the mid infrared range even though the patterning of microstructure is easier to achieve. We present preliminary results on the diffuse reflectivity using FDTD simulations and analyze the technical feasibility of these approaches.
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