A bidirectional optical subassembly comprised of a 2.5 Gbps distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) directly modulated laser transmitter and a 10 Gbps positive intrinsic negative photodiode receiver was developed for an optical network unit of a 10 Gbps passive optical network. Here, a low-cost mini-dual-in-line package was modified to contain whole components of a transmitter and receiver in a single space while satisfying the requirements of 10 Gbps micro-device package standards. The transmitter was fabricated to achieve high optical output power by placing a micro aspheric lens very close to the DFB LD and reducing the thermal resistance between an LD chip and heat sink to bring down the DFB LD chip temperature. As a result, the transmitter output power was 3.5 dB higher than a conventional transistor outline can BOSA due to a high optical coupling efficiency of more than 70% and a low thermal resistance for heat dissipation. The receiver sensitivity was −21 dBm at a bit error rate of 10−3 and the sensitivity penalty of the receiver due to signal crosstalk was less than 0.3 dB.
A dual-wavelength optical subassembly (OSA) using a typical glass-sealed transistor outline-can (TO-CAN) package is presented. The proposed OSA has a simple structure and is sufficiently compact to integrate two optical channels in a single TO-CAN package. And the proposed OSA realizes the reduction in cost by reducing the number of parts and the laser welding process. The measurement results of 3 dB of bandwidth of the proposed dual-wavelength OSA are more than 4.5 GHz for transmitter module and more than 4.0 GHz for receiver module. The clear eye diagrams with more than 8.6 dB of the extinction ratio and less than −24.5 dBm of receiver minimum sensitivity at a bit error rate of 10−10 are obtained under 2.5 Gbit/s operations.
A novel 10-Gbps bidirectional optical subassembly (BOSA) comprised of a 1577 nm electroabsorptive modulated laser (EML) transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) and 1270 nm avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) was developed. Here, a 10-Gbps microdevice compatible two-window flat package was proposed to simplify the EML BOSA structure, considering both the mechanical reliability and cooling performance. As a result, an optical output power of 8 dBm was obtained due to a high optical coupling efficiency of 60%, an extinction ratio of 7 dB, and a dispersion penalty at 20 km transmission of less than 1.5 dB for the EML TOSA. The APD ROSA sensitivity was -21.5 dBm at a bit error rate (BER) of 10−12 and -27 dBm at a BER of 10−3 without forward error correction. In addition, the sensitivity penalty of the APD ROSA due to signal crosstalk was less than 1.2 dB.
A compact bidirectional optical subassembly (BOSA) for a 1.25/10-Gbps passive optical network is developed. A vertically stacked 1.25-Gbps transmitter based on a silicon optical bench, and a 10-Gbps receiver based on a low temperature cofired ceramic are implemented to realize low-cost manufacturing and miniaturization for single package application. The proposed BOSA delivers an extinction ratio more than 10 dB at 1.25-Gbps modulation, optical output coupling efficiency is more than 60%, rise and fall time is under 300 ps, and the side mode suppression ratio is more than 35 dB for the transmitter part. For the receiver part, responsivity is more than 0.6 A/W, and sensitivity is lower than -17 dBm at a 10-Gbps bit error rate 10-12 and -21 dBm at BER 10-3 without forward error correction. The cross talk between receiver and transmitter is less than -53 dB up to 10 GHz, and optical isolation is 33 dB.
We propose and demonstrate a novel approach to identify linear and nonlinear propagation regimes of an optical signal in an optical fiber link by using chaos analysis. We show that the chaotic characteristics of a propagating optical signal are affected by both the chromatic dispersion and the nonlinear effects in the optical fiber. Linear or nonlinear behavior is detected by determining the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the signal and the use of the recurrence plot technique. An experimental demonstration is performed using 10-Gbps signal propagation in a 100-km fiber link with different launched optical powers. Chaos analysis shows a clear identification of the linear and nonlinear optical propagation regimes by using a classification scheme based on a multilayer neural network. Numerical simulations confirm the experimental results.
Simultaneous transmission of 2.5-Gb/s baseband and 5.8-GHz-band radio frequency (RF) signals on a single wavelength via a fiber link is successfully demonstrated using the optical diplexer and the newly designed novel baseband/RF mixed-signal multiplexer (MUX) with no mixer. The bit error rate (BER) <10−12 of the baseband signal is maintained when the RF input power is less than −14 dBm after 10-km-long distance transmission. The maximum carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the RF signal is measured as 23 dB with no additional amplifier. The measured insertion loss for the RF signal of the mixed-signal MUX is 1.2 dB at 5.8 GHz, and the isolations between the two bands are about 20 dB for the baseband and 30 dB for the RF band, respectively.
We demonstrate a highly efficient in-fiber out-coupling device. The core mode is coupled to the cladding by a tilted fiber Bragg grating and then the cladding mode is out-coupled from the optical fiber through V-grooved cladding. The light emitting characteristics are investigated experimentally and a maximum out-coupling efficiency of 54.8% is obtained.
The cladding mode generated by the tilted fiber Bragg grating is out-coupled to optical power detector by the total internal reflection at the micro-etched cladding. Optimization of the tilted fiber Bragg grating and micro-etched cladding for high efficient out-coupling of cladding mode was discussed theoretically. Over 32 % power of the cladding mode is out-coupled by the micro-etched cladding. In addition, as much as 90 % power of the input power is experimentally detected using the avalanche photodiode.
Tilted fiber Bragg grating can couple light both to backward propagating core modes and cladding modes. We propose a WDM receiving device with high cladding and/or radiation mode coupling efficiency using etched cladding parts and tilted Fiber Bragg gratings(TFBGs) which are key components for doing wavelength selective operations. Each channel exhibits the cladding and radiation mode coupling efficiency of approximately 20%.
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