Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCs) are a new class of liquid contrast agents that have been explored for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging applications by the biomedical imaging community. These contrast agents can undergo a reversible or irreversible liquid-to-gas phase transitions upon an external excitation by a light or an ultrasound stimulus. Here, we evaluate the influence of apparently minute changes to the coating of PFCs and of dye-embedding strategies (i.e., for light activation) on the activation efficiency of the phase transition and the corresponding signal generation by PFCs. We discuss implications of these findings for further development of PFC contrast agents.
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