On March 11, 2011, a massive earthquake occurred on the eastern coast of Japan. The magnitude 9.0 quake was the most
powerful ever recorded in Japan. The height of the tsunami that followed the earthquake was estimated to be more than
10 m. The water reached a few kilometers inland and resulted in thousands of casualties as well as serious damage to
buildings and agricultural areas along the coastline. Several PiSAR-L2 observations were carried out in these tsunamiaffected
areas from April to September in 2012, and field experiments were performed in agricultural areas that had been
damaged by seawater. The complex dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity of the soil were measured to
estimate the soil’s salinity. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant for a tsunami-damaged area 0.7 km from the
coastline was shown to be 37.1 at 1 GHz, and the electric conductivity was shown to be 7.8 mS/cm. These values
exceeded those from non-damaged inland areas. One of the full polarimetric parameters, co-polarization backscattering
ratio (σ0HH/σ0VV) derived from PiSAR-L2 data, were examined and compared for damaged/non-damaged areas. The
analysis indicates that the higher-salinity area was well detected by σ0HH/σ0VV. However, water areas and flat surfaces
covered by gravel exhibit similar characteristics, and this may result in the false detection of salt-affected agricultural
areas.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) performed disaster monitoring of the Great East Japan Earthquake in
2011. The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), "Daichi," acquired 450 scenes of disaster monitoring of the
earthquake. JAXA also received more than 5,000 scenes via the International Disaster Charter and Sentinel Asia. JAXA
analyzed these images and provided the results to the Government of Japan as well as to the local governments.
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