Mr. Nathaniel J. Field Profile

Nathaniel J. Field

Doctoral Candidate

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Contrast enhancement through an air-water interface with polarization imaging

Erica Venkatesulu, Kyndra Buglione, Nathaniel Field, Kristin Doney, Joseph Shaw

Proceedings Volume 12690, 1269005 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678059

KEYWORDS: Reflection, Cameras, Polarization, Polarizers, Water, Dielectric polarization, Optical filters, Image contrast enhancement, Polarization imaging

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It is well known that underwater objects become more readily visible when viewed through a vertical polarizer that suppresses horizontally polarized reflections from the air-water interface. However, quantitative measurements of the contrast enhancement achieved with a polarizer do not seem to have been reported in the literature. To measure the polarization-enabled contrast enhancement, we placed white and black tiles next to each other, immersed in water, then measured the optical contrast between them as a function of viewing angle (relative to the surface normal) with a polarization camera that simultaneously recorded images with linear polarization oriented 0°, 90°, and 45°from horizontal. Images were recorded with an RGB polarization camera through approximately 45 cm of water at Bozeman Pond and with a monochrome polarization camera through approximately 5 cm of water at Bozeman Beach. Images also were recorded with the monochrome camera and a filter to isolate the near infrared band of approximately 750 to 1000 nm. Indoor laboratory measurements also were recorded to verify the role of the color of the reflecting background. All experiments used carefully calibrated division-of-focal-plane polarization cameras. The observed contrast decreased with viewing angle, but less so for the vertically polarized images. The contrast enhancement, represented by the ratio of vertically polarized to unpolarized contrast, increased with viewing angle, even past the Brewster angle (approx. 53°). The contrast enhancement only began decreasing for viewing angles larger than 70°. In outdoor experiments with a mostly clear sky, the highest contrast enhancement was in the blue spectral band. The contrast was essentially the same for red, green, and blue bands with a white background. In all measurements, the black tile exhibited much larger degree of linear polarization, which is an example of the Umov effect. In this paper we describe the experiments, show and explain polarization images, and show and explain plots of contrast and contrast enhancement as a function of viewing angle.

Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Open Access

Lambertian surfaces with over- and under-filled field of view

Nathaniel Field, Joseph Shaw

Proceedings Volume 12213, 1221309 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633738

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Reflectors, Reflectivity, Reflection, Remote sensing, Signal detection, Sensing systems, Lamps

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2022 Presentation + Paper

Gray Spectralon polarized reflectance deviations from Lambertian

Nathaniel Field, Jarrod Brown, Darrel Card, Chad Welsh, Andre Van Rynbach, Joseph Shaw

Proceedings Volume 12112, 121120A (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618868

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, LIDAR, Polarimetry, Polarization, Wave plates

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Near-monostatic angular Mueller matrix measurements using a simple laser polarimeter

Nathaniel Field, Michael Roddewig, Joseph Shaw

Proceedings Volume 11833, 118330P (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594728

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Polarization, Reflectivity, Polysomnography, LIDAR, Sensors, Transmitters, Receivers, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Wave plates

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