One of the challenges in integrated photonics is to build optical coupler for seamless coupling the light from fiber to nano-size waveguides or devices on semiconductor or photonics based chips. Here we present a design and technique based on polymer-made 3D structure of nano/mico size for suspended Silicon Nitride nanobeam, a 3D coupler which has in-port for single mode fiber. We show a scattering-free design of the optical interface with some compromises due to resolution limited 3D printer tool with the fiber plug into interface feature. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are performed to optimize the tapering regions. With this optimization upto 95% waveguide to coupler and 62% coupler to waveguide transmission is obtained for large bandwidth(∼ 100nm) at 600 nm. Conical-shaped single mode fiber is fabricated using wet etching technique and plugged into 3D coupler to obtain a compact fiber-to-chip optical device.
We discuss a compact QED system of Germanium Vacancy(GeV) centres coupled to high quality factor silicon nitride nanobeam Photonic crystal(PhC) cavities. Devices with a quality factor of 24,000 around the zero-phonon line of the GeV center in diamond are demonstrated with an efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupling platform. We also present a method for fiber-waveguide coupling that allows seamless transition of photons from optical fibers into photonics devices and vice versa. Our method uses conical tapered optical fibers (with a tapering angle of ∼ 4° ) that are coupled over ∼ 11μm to a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide taper (with a tapering angle of ∼ 1° ) achieving upto ∼ 96% coupling efficiency.
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