X-ray phase-retarder systems to compensate for aberrations which arise from angular divergence and energy spread of x rays,
have been developed. The two-quadrant x-ray phase-retarder system consists of two diamond crystals of almost identical thickness. It can compensate for off-axis aberration (phase-shift inhomogeneity due to angular divergence of incident x rays). The four-quadrant x-ray phase-retarder system consists of four diamond crystals of almost identical thickness. The scattering planes of four phase retarders were set to be inclined by 45 deg, 135 deg (= 45 deg + 90 deg), 225 deg (= 45 deg + 180 deg) and 315 deg (= 45 deg + 270 deg), respectively, with respect to the direction of incident polarization. It can compensate for not only the off-axis aberration but also chromatic aberration (phase-shift inhomogeneity due to energy spread of incident x rays). The principles and applications of the two-quadrant and four-quadrant phase-retarder systems will be described.
We have measured the Faraday effect of cobalt polycrystalline foil near cobalt K-absorption edge with the energy-tunable x-ray polarimeter. The Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relation between spectrum of the Faraday rotation and magnetic circular dichroism measured by using the ellipticity polarized synchrotron x-radiation has been confirmed. Furthermore, we have constructed, a new type of x-ray polarimeter with a diamond phase retarder and measured x-ray linear dichroism (LD) and linear birefringence (LB) simultaneously using an hcp cobalt single crystal foil. The K-K relation between LD and LB has also been confirmed clearly.
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