Currently, no diagnostic method exists to visualize and measure the airway smooth muscle (ASM) in vivo. Endoscopic Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) has the potential to detect and quantify the ASM, by assessing tissue birefringence. We performed in vivo PS-OCT in patients (n=17) with airway diseases (asthma and interstitial lung disease) and one healthy volunteer. PS-OCT images were acquired with an in-house built distal scanning catheter (1.35mm), which allowed circumferential scan of the airways at 52 fps B-scan rate. We demonstrated PS-OCT to be a minimally invasive technique to assess ASM thickness in diseased airways relative to healthy subjects.
No diagnostic method is currently available to visualize and measure the airway smooth muscle (ASM) within a living patient. Endoscopic Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) might enable quantification of ASM mass in vivo, by assessing tissue birefringence. We performed in vivo PS-OCT on patients (n=17) with airway diseases (asthma and interstitial lung disease) and one healthy volunteer. An in-house built distal scanning catheter (1.35 mm) was used to circumferentially scan the airways at 52 fps B-scan rate. We demonstrated PS-OCT to be a minimally invasive technique to assess ASM thickness in diseased airways relative to healthy subjects.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung conditions, characterized by inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), is often insufficient to detect fibrosis, and acquisition of lung biopsies is needed. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) provides high-resolution images of the airways and fibrotic tissue-specific contrast by assessing tissue birefringence in a minimally invasive way. We developed a distal scanning endoscope and performed in-vivo PS-OCT measurements by advancing the endoscope in the lungs of 16 ILD patients undergoing biopsy acquisition and in 3 asthma patients included as non-fibrotic controls. Fibrosis was quantified in the acquired PS-OCT images, in HRCT, and in biopsies. Results show excellent correlation of PS-OCT detected fibrosis with histologically confirmed fibrosis, while HRCT only showed a poor-moderate correlation with histology for fibrosis quantification.
Endobronchial polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) provides high-resolution images and can detect tissue birefringence. Using collagen birefringent properties, we postulated that PS-OCT can detect and quantify pulmonary fibrosis in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. In this study, we demonstrated PS-OCT in 19 patients (16 ILD and 3 non-fibrotic controls). In-vivo PS-OCT was performed by advancing a distal scanning endoscope through the working channel of a bronchoscope to the lung periphery of the patients. Results show that PS-OCT is feasible, safe, and can quantify pulmonary fibrosis, thereby has potential as minimally invasive diagnostic tool to detect fibrotic progression in ILD.
This conference presentation, “Instant histopathological assessment of fresh lung biopsies taken for diagnosing interstitial lung diseases using third and second harmonic generation microscopy” was recorded for the Biomedical Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Imaging II conference at SPIE Photonics Europe 2022.
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