Modern military operations are increasingly conducted in urban areas. Therefore, in the upcoming communication and radio-electronics systems, it is important to allow for the propagation phenomena characteristic for these areas and to mitigate their effects. The direction-finding systems used in localization procedures for emission sources are particularly susceptible to multipath propagation. Analyzes available in the literature show that the urbanized environment contributes to the increase in dispersion of the signal reception angle, which negatively affects the accuracy of bearing methods. If the localized emission source is equipped with a directional antenna then the angular spread is strictly dependent on the width and direction of the antenna beam, which directly affects the accuracy of the tracking system. This paper presents a parameter impact analysis of the emission source antenna, environment, and spatial conditions on the bearing system location error. The presented analysis is based on simulation studies carried out using a multielliptical propagation model. The geometric structure basis of this model is the power delay profile (PDP), which represents the transmission properties of the propagation environment. In this case, PDPs based on the standard 3GPP model are used. The presented simulation results and accuracy evaluation methodology of the bearing systems can be the basis for the method development for minimizing location errors in such systems.
The basis for development the Doppler location method, also called the signal Doppler frequency (SDF) method or technology is the analytical solution of the wave equation for a mobile source. This paper presents an overview of the simulations, numerical analysis and empirical studies of the possibilities and the range of SDF method applications. In the paper, the various applications from numerous publications are collected and described. They mainly focus on the use of SDF method in: emitter positioning, electronic warfare, crisis management, search and rescue, navigation. The developed method is characterized by an innovative, unique property among other location methods, because it allows the simultaneous location of the many radio emitters. Moreover, this is the first method based on the Doppler effect, which allows positioning of transmitters, using a single mobile platform. In the paper, the results of the using SDF method by the other teams are also presented.
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