KEYWORDS: Clouds, Data storage, Picture Archiving and Communication System, Image storage, Medicine, Distributed computing, Medical imaging, Computer security, Multimedia, Web services
Dicom images of patients will necessarily been stored in Clouds. However, ethical constraints must apply. In this paper,
a method which provides the two following conditions is presented:
1) the medical information is not readable by the cloud owner since it is distributed along several clouds
2) the medical information can be retrieved from any sufficient subset of clouds
In order to obtain this result in a real time processing, the Mojette transform is used.
This paper reviews the interesting features of the Mojette transform in terms of information theory. Since only portions
of the original Dicom files are stored into each cloud, their contents are not reachable. For instance, we use 4 different
public clouds to save 4 different projections of each file, with the additional condition that any 3 over 4 projections are
enough to reconstruct the original file. Thus, even if a cloud is unavailable when the user wants to load a Dicom file, the
other 3 are giving enough information for real time reconstruction. The paper presents an implementation on 3 actual
clouds. For ethical reasons, we use a Dicom image spreaded over 3 public clouds to show the obtained confidentiality
and possible real time recovery.
Presently most Nuclear Medicine physicians are well trained to report PET FDG studies. However, only a very limited number of them are able to diagnose difficult, unusual cases. For this reason, we developed an electronic lightbox called POSITOSCOPE onto which PET studies can be downloaded, displayed, reported and sent to remote sites for expert advice. To promote its use, we emphasized user-friendliness which is a keypoint of the prototype: the POSITOSCOPE looks like a classical lightbox equipped with a small touchscreen and a digital sound recorder. It is connected to local PET scanners and long distance high speed networks. Difficult studies can thus be sent to remote experts. The request consists of the whole image data set and a soundtrack explaining its nature. It may be sent to one or more experts. At this stage, only the local physician is responsible for reporting even though (s)he makes use of remote expertise. The prototype is being tested in two hospitals and the clinical evaluation involving four University hospitals and one private practice Nuclear Medicine center, started last September. Our goal is not to have PET studies acquired in a local center and to have them reported in a remote reference center, but to provide remote expertise when necessary to improve daily reporting of PET studies and to improve the expertise of local Nuclear Medicine physicians. The concept may be easily extended to unusual single photon studies for which local expertise is not always available, and to multimodality studies.
In this paper, we present a multimedia, ATM network based approach to generating and transmitting imaging procedure multimedia (MmR) reports in emergency situations. This approach was applied to V/P lung scintigrams in our institution. The architecture of our multimedia reporting system consists of a (gamma) -camera providing V/P lung scintigram as Interfile formatted data, a workstation in which MmRs can be generated and from which they can be accessed, a set of low cost workstations where MmR can be displayed, and an ATM network running throughout our hospital and connecting the above stations. The main features of the MmR are detailed in the paper and are assessed from a physician point of view.
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