We demonstrate a technique for fabricating microstrip patch antennas using femtosecond laser patterning followed by ultraviolet beam and chemical treatment. Initially, we design the physical parameters of both single-slot and double-slot microstrip patch antennas and simulate them using high-frequency structure simulator for optimization. Simulation results exhibit a return loss of −26 dB at the resonant frequency of 22.9 gigahertz (GHz) for single-slot microstrip patch antenna and −18.3 dB at 24.03 GHz for double-slot microstrip patch antenna. The three-dimensional polar plot and far-field radiation pattern of the microstrip patch antennas confirm excellent directivity of the antennas. Furthermore, we investigate the return loss of the fabricated microstrip patch antennas. For single-slot microstrip patch antenna, experimental result shows a return loss of −21.25 dB at 22.7 GHz. In contrast, double-slot microstrip patch antenna shows a return loss of −27 dB at 24.1 GHz. In addition, we compare the performance of the double-slot microstrip patch antenna fabricated using femtosecond laser-assisted technique and photolithographic technique and find better performance in the femtosecond laser-fabricated microstrip antenna. The proposed femtosecond laser-based technique is simple and shows promises in precise fabrication of high-quality microstrip antennas.
This paper expresses maskless formation of Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens on fused silica glass surface using femtosecond laser lithography technology. The FZP lens consists of a series of concentric rings that has been encoded on a glass surface using femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching and stripping. To compare the performance of the FZP lens with traditional laser induced FZP, we also fabricated FZP on the surface of and inside fused silica glass using femtosecond laser direct writing. In all the cases, the FZP lenses have a focal length of 50 mm. In addition, we fabricated a 25-mm focal length FZP lens by means of femtosecond laser lithography. Compared to traditional femtosecond laser direct writing, femtosecond laser lithography technique offers smooth patterning of materials. Consequently, femtosecond laser lithography engraved FZP lens yields considerably higher diffraction efficiency. Besides, we investigated the diffraction pattern of the fabricated FZP lenses. Using these FZP lenses, we are able to observe microletters encoded on an aluminum coated poly-methylmethacrylate surface indicating excellent focusing and imaging capability of the FZP lenses. The proposed maskless technology is simple compared to other lithography techniques, representing great potential for small-scale manufacturing of similar kinds of optical/photonics devices.
In this article, we report the development of plano-convex cylindrical micro-lens array on the surface of fused silica glass using laser processing technology. Initially, femtosecond laser pulses are irradiated on the target fused silica glass substrate to pattern periodic micro-grooves. Afterwards, laser beam from CO2 laser source is applied several times on the previously micro-patterned fused silica glass surface, the purpose of which is to polish the micro-patterned glass surface. As a consequence, periodic plano-convex cylindrical micro-lens array is evolved on the glass surface. The micro-lens array shows great consistency in size and shape throughout the sample area. We also investigate various optical properties of the micro-lenses evolved glass substrates including the diffraction pattern and diffraction efficiency of light. The glass sample comprising cylindrical micro-lens array can diffract light with moderate diffraction efficiency. We strongly believe that, it is possible to engineer cylindrical micro-lens array on the surface of a variety of transparent materials including glasses and polymers over a large area.
This paper demonstrates mask-less formation of Fresnel zone plate lens on the surface of a fused silica glass substrate using femtosecond laser lithography technology. The lens consists of a series of concentric rings, which has been fabricated on the glass surface by femtosecond laser writing followed by chemical etching and stripping. We also pattern Fresnel zone plate on fused silica glass surface using direct femtosecond laser writing technique. The both Fresnel zone plate lenses have a focal length of 50 mm. Femtosecond laser lithography technique offers smooth patterning of materials compared to traditional femtosecond laser writing. Consequently, femtosecond laser lithography induced Fresnel zone plate lens yields considerably high diffraction efficiency. Using these Fresnel zone plate lenses, we are able to observe the micro-letters, micro-machined on aluminum coated poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) surface indicating excellent focusing and imaging capability of the Fresnel zone plate lenses. The proposed mask-less technology is simple compared to other lithography techniques, which shows great potential for small-scale manufacturing of similar kinds of optical devices.
We investigate the terahertz (THz) transmission characteristics of complex slot arrays with various order of rotation symmetry. Our experimental results reveal that an asterisk-shaped aperture with sixfold rotational symmetry is the most appropriate shape for realizing polarization-independent, highly efficient, and frequency-selective transmission of THz radiation. A systematic understanding of the THz transmission characteristics is useful for achieving versatile platforms and custom-designed metallic devices with specific electromagnetic responses.
We investigate subwavelength confinement of terahertz electromagnetic surface modes in a three-dimensional
region with coupled slot structures. Two-dimensional resonance focusing on a subwavelength slot converts to
three-dimensional subwavelength confinement, due to sharp edge confinement effect on asymmetric
plasmonic structure, at the center position of the slot structures which consists of two or more slots. We also
report on the polarization independent confinement of terahertz electromagnetic surface modes beyond
diffraction limit. The structure which consists of radially arranged subwavelength slots located at a same
center position shows the polarization-independent terahertz three-dimensional subwavelength confinement.
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