We report the design of a tissue oxygen and temperature monitor. The non-invasive, fibre based device monitors tissue
haemoglobin (Hb) and oxygen saturation (SO2) and is based on white-light reflectance spectroscopy.Visible light with
wavelengths in the 500 - 650nm range is utilized. The spectroscopic algorithm takes into account the tissue scattering
and melanin absorption for the calculation of tissue haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. The monitor can
probe superficial layers of tissue with a high spatial resolution (mm3) and a high temporal resolution (40 Hz). It provides
an accurate measurement with the accuracy of SO2 at 2 % and high reliability with less than 2 % variation of continuous
SO2 measurement over 12 hours. It can also form a modular system when used in conjunction with a laser Doppler
monitor, enabling simultaneous measurements of Hb, SO2 and blood flow. We found experimentally that the influence of
the source-detector separation on the haemoglobin parameters is small. This finding is discussed by Monte Carlo
simulations for the depth sensitivity profile. The influence of probe pressure and the skin pigmentation on the
measurement parameters are assessed before in vivo experimental data is presented. The combination with laser Doppler
flowmetry demonstrates the importance of a measurement of both the haemoglobin and the blood flow parameters for a
full description of blood tissue perfusion. This is discussed in experimental data on human skin during cuff occlusion and
after hyperemisation by a pharmacological cream. Strong correlation is observed between tissue oxygen (Hb and SO2)
and blood flow measurements.
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