The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicle (PNGV) model adds battery capacitance on the basis of Thevenin model for the purpose of representing the change of open circuit voltage with the accumulation of load current, which makes up for the disadvantage of constant open circuit voltage of Thevenin circuit to a great extent. In this paper, the PNGV circuit is improved, and a parallel RC link is added, which corresponds to the two poles in the impedance spectrum of the lithium iron phosphate battery, thus being able to more accurately describe the polarization phenomenon of the lithium iron phosphate battery. Besides, the PNGV equivalent circuit model and the improved PNGV equivalent circuit model are established in MATLAB/Simulink, and the accuracy of the two models is compared through the pulse current experiment. Then, it is found that the error of the improved PNGV equivalent circuit model is over 50% less than that of the PNGV equivalent circuit model, which proves the dynamic adaptability of the model.
During the past few years, the per-chip count of processing cores has increased with the emergence of the multi/many core era to meet the high-performance requirements of on-chip processing cores. However, requirements for larger bandwidth in multi/many processors cannot be fulfilled employing traditional electrical on-chip interconnections. Optical on-chip interconnects provide a substitute to resolve this issue for high-performance computing. Optical routers/switches are one of the key components, which determine the cost and performance of optical networks-on-chip, to realize on-chip communication among cores. We present an optimized design of 5 × 5 nonblocking optical router using silicon microring-based 2 × 2 switching elements called as SMOR. The proposed five-port SMOR optical router is constructed using 10 switching elements in unoptimized design, which is further reduced to 8 switching elements via available optimization scheme. Detailed performance analysis of proposed five-port optical router in terms of cross-talk noise, insertion loss, and power consumption is furnished and discussed. In comparison to existing architectures of optical router/switches of same scale, proposed SMOR has achieved up to 68% minimization in a number of switching elements.
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