Neural tube closure (NTC) is a highly synchronized morphological process driven by mechanical forces, and any disruptions during this process can lead to neural tube defects (NTDs). However, mechanical properties associated with NTDs are largely unknown. To understand the correlation between NTDs and biomechanical properties, we imaged NTC using multimodal Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence tomography in two mutant mice lines, where the genes Mthfd1l and Fuz were inactivated. We also imaged cerebral organoids cultured in dolutegravir for 10 and 14 days. Our results showed a clear link between NTDs and neural tube biomechanical properties.
Neural tube closure is a complex process driven by mechanical forces, but this process can be disturbed leading to development defects. So, to understand the interplay between forces and tissue stiffness during neurulation, we developed a multimodal Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence system (OCT). OCT provides structural guidance while mapping the biomechanical properties of embryonic neural tube using Brillouin microscopy. 3D-OCT, 2D-OCT, and 2D-Brillouin images of Mthfd1l and Fuz knockout mouse embryos at gestation days 9.5 and 10.5 were acquired. Our results show overall decrease in the stiffness of homozygotic knockout neural tube tissues compared to the wildtype.
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