Dr. Bruce H. Dean Profile

Dr. Bruce H. Dean

Group Leader Optical Physicist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (30)

SPIE Journal Paper | 15 November 2023 Open Access

Open Access

James Webb Space Telescope optical stability lessons learned for future great observatories

Lee Feinberg, Michael McElwain, Charles Bowers, John Johnston, Gary Mosier, Randy Kimble, Joshua Levi, Lightsey, Ball Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, United States, J. Knight, Marcel Bluth, Alden Jurling, Marie Levine, D. Scott Acton, Charles Atkinson, Allison Barto, Matthew Bergkoetter, Gregory Brady, Larkin Carey, Lester Cohen, Laura Coyle, Bruce Dean, Michael Eisenhower, Nicolas Flagey, George Hartig, Keith Havey, Brian Hicks, Joseph Howard, Ritva Keski-Kuha, Charles-Philippe Lajoie, Matthew Lallo, Gary Matthews, Marcio Meléndez, Michael Menzel, Sang Park, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Lisbeth Quesnel, Paul Reynolds, Jane Rigby, Babak Saif, Christopher Stark, Randal Telfer, Scott Texter, Julie Van Campen, Begona Vila, Garrett West, Erin Wolf, Tony Whitman, Thomas Zielinski

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 01, 011204, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.1.011204

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Telescopes, Inspection, Online learning, Observatories, Thermal stability, Temperature metrology, Design, Cryogenics, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Phasing the Webb Telescope

D. Scott Acton, Scott Knight, Maria Carrasquilla, Nick Weiser, Michaela Masciarelli, Sarah Jurczyk, Greg Rapp, Julio Mueckay, Erin Wolf, Jess Murphy, Larkin Carey, Eric Coppock, Chanda Walker, Joel Runnels, Garrett West, Greg Wirth, Brian Hicks, Katie Melbourne, Michael Gordon, Bob Brown, Stefano Grimaldi, Derek Sabatke, Ray Wright, Laura Coyle, Taylor Chonis, Kevin Whiteaker, Marshall Perrin, Tom Comeau, Charles-Philippe Lajoie, George Hartig, Tracy Beck, Matt Lallo, Mike Regan, Randal Telfer, Marcio Meléndez, Greg Brady, Laurent Pueyo, Nicolas Flagey, Bernard Kulp, Ed Nelan, Kiera Brooks, Pierre Chayer, Shannon Osborne, Sherie Holfeltz, Tony Sohn, Tom Zielinski, Alden Jurling, Matt Bergkoetter, Chuck Bowers, Bruce Dean, Lee Feinberg, Ritva Keski-Kuha, Jeff Kirk, Michael McElwain, Joe Howard

Proceedings Volume 12180, 121800U (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633474

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Mirrors, Wavefronts, Image processing, Actuators, Sensors, Phase retrieval

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Calibration results using highly aberrated images for aligning the JWST instruments to the telescope

Koby Smith, D. Scott Acton, Ben Gallagher, J. Scott Knight, Bruce Dean, Alden Jurling, Thomas Zielinski

Proceedings Volume 9904, 990442 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232180

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Mirrors, Calibration, Phase retrieval, Adaptive optics, Point spread functions, Image processing, Metrology, Wavefronts, Charge-coupled devices

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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project is an international collaboration led by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, MD. JWST is NASA’s flagship observatory that will operate nearly a million miles away from Earth at the L2 Lagrange point. JWST’s optical design is a three-mirror anastigmat with four main optical components; 1) the eighteen Primary Mirror Segment Assemblies (PMSA), 2) a single Secondary Mirror Assembly (SMA), 3) an Aft-Optics Subsystem (AOS) consisting of a Tertiary Mirror and Fine Steering Mirror, and 4) an Integrated Science Instrument Module consisting of the various instruments for JWST. JWST’s optical system has been designed to accommodate a significant amount of alignment capability and risk with the PMSAs and SMA having rigid body motion available on-orbit just for alignment purposes. However, the Aft-Optics Subsystem (AOS) and Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) are essentially fixed optical subsystems within JWST, and therefore the cryogenic alignment of the AOS to the ISIM is critical to the optical performance and mission success of JWST.
In support of this cryogenic alignment of the AOS to ISIM, an array of fiber optic sources, known as the AOS Source Plate Assembly (ASPA), are placed near the intermediate image location of JWST (between the secondary and tertiary mirrors) during thermal vacuum ground-test operations. The AOS produces images of the ASPA fiber optic sources at the JWST focal surface location, where they are captured by the various science instruments. In this manner, the AOS provides an optical yardstick by which the instruments within ISIM can evaluate their relative positions to and the alignment of the AOS to ISIM can be quantified. However, since the ASPA is located at the intermediate image location of the JWST three-mirror anastigmat design, the images of these fiber optic sources produced by the AOS are highly aberrated with approximately 2-3μm RMS wavefront error consisting mostly of 3rd-order astigmatism and coma. This is because the elliptical tertiary mirror of the AOS is used off of its ideal foci locations without the compensating wavefront effects of the JWST primary and secondary mirrors. Therefore, the PSFs created are highly asymmetric with relatively complex structure and the centroid and encircled energy analyses traditionally used to locate images are not sufficient for ensuring the AOS to ISIM alignment.
A novel approach combining phase retrieval and spatial metrology was developed to both locate the images with respect to the AOS and provide calibration information for eventual AOS to ISIM alignment verification. During final JWST OTE and ISIM (OTIS) testing, only a single thru-focus image will be collected by the instruments. Therefore, tools and processes were developed to perform single-image phase retrieval on these highly aberrated images such that any single image of the ASPA source can provide calibrated knowledge of the instruments’ position relative to the AOS. This paper discusses the results of the methodology, hardware, and calibration performed to ensure that the AOS and ISIM are aligned within their respective tolerances at JWST OTIS testing.

Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Preparing for JWST wavefront sensing and control operations

Marshall Perrin, D. Scott Acton, Charles-Philippe Lajoie, J. Scott Knight, Matthew Lallo, Marsha Allen, Wayne Baggett, Elizabeth Barker, Thomas Comeau, Eric Coppock, Bruce Dean, George Hartig, William Hayden, Margaret Jordan, Alden Jurling, Trey Kulp, Joseph Long, Michael McElwain, Luis Meza, Edmund Nelan, Remi Soummer, John Stansberry, Christopher Stark, Randal Telfer, Andria Welsh, Thomas Zielinski, Neil Zimmerman

Proceedings Volume 9904, 99040F (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233104

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Wavefront sensors, Space telescopes, Observatories, Image segmentation, Stars, Point spread functions, Wavefronts, Space operations, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Wavefront sensing and controls for the James Webb Space Telescope

D. Scott Acton, J. Scott Knight, A. Contos, Stefano Grimaldi, J. Terry, P. Lightsey, A. Barto, B. League, Bruce Dean, J. Scott Smith, Charles Bowers, D. Aronstein, L. Feinberg, W. Hayden, T. Comeau, R. Soummer, E. Elliott, M. Perrin, Carl Starr

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84422H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925015

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Telescopes, Wavefronts, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Phase modulation, Control systems, Image processing, Phase retrieval, Monochromatic aberrations

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 February 2012

Space telescope design considerations

Lee Feinberg, Bruce Dean, William Hayden, Joseph Howard, Ritva Keski-Kuha, Lester Cohen

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 1, 011006, (February 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.1.011006

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Telescopes, Optical instrument design, Mirrors, James Webb Space Telescope, Optical coatings, Image segmentation, Optics manufacturing, Stray light, Monochromatic aberrations

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Proceedings Article | 10 November 2011 Paper

Paper

Parallel-computing architecture for JWST wavefront-sensing and integrated modeling

J. Scott Smith, Bruce Dean, Alexander Rilee, Thomas Zielinski

Proceedings Volume 8336, 83360Y (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920199

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Phase retrieval, Digital signal processing, Algorithm development, Integrated modeling, Wavefront sensors, Space telescopes, Computer architecture, Silicon, Commercial off the shelf technology

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2010 Paper

Paper

Optical wavefront characterization using phase retrieval for the NIRSpec demonstration model for the James Webb Space Telescope

Jeffrey Smith, David Aronstein, Pamela Davila, Bruce Dean, Bernhard Dorner, Xavier Gnata, Markus Melf, Jean-François Pittet, Maurice B. Te Plate

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77313P (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857755

KEYWORDS: Phase retrieval, Wavefronts, Sensors, James Webb Space Telescope, Wavefront sensors, Cryogenics, Monochromatic aberrations, Monte Carlo methods, Data modeling, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 10 August 2010 Paper

Paper

Coronagraphic wavefront control for the ATLAST 9.2m telescope

Richard Lyon, William Oegerle, Lee Feinberg, Matthew Bolcar, Bruce Dean, Gary Mosier, Marc Postman

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77312S (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857498

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Mirrors, Phase modulation, Nulling interferometry, Point spread functions

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2010 Paper

Paper

ATLAST-9.2m: a large-aperture deployable space telescope

William Oegerle, Lee Feinberg, Lloyd Purves, T. Tupper Hyde, Harley Thronson, Jacqueline Townsend, Marc Postman, Matthew Bolcar, Jason Budinoff, Bruce Dean, Mark Clampin, Dennis Ebbets, Qian Gong, Theodore Gull, Joseph Howard, Andrew Jones, Richard Lyon, Bert Pasquale, Charles Perrygo, Jeffrey Smith, Patrick Thompson, Bruce Woodgate

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77312M (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857622

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Space telescopes, Telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Sensors, Sun, Observatories, Ultraviolet radiation, Stray light, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2009 Paper

Paper

Large segmented UV-optical space telescope using a Hybrid Sensor Active Control (HSAC) architecture

Lee Feinberg, Bruce Dean, Tupper Hyde, Bill Oegerle, Matthew Bolcar, J. Scott Smith

Proceedings Volume 7436, 743608 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.824198

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Mirrors, Space telescopes, Sensors, Stars, Telescopes, Wavefronts, Image segmentation, Phase modulation, Wavefront sensors

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2009 Paper

Paper

Phase retrieval on broadband and under-sampled images for the JWST testbed telescope

J. Scott Smith, David Aronstein, Bruce Dean, D. Scott Acton

Proceedings Volume 7436, 74360D (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.825636

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Phase retrieval, Wavefronts, Monochromatic aberrations, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Data modeling, Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Verification of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) wavefront sensing and control system

Adam Contos, D. Scott Acton, Allison Barto, Laura Burns, James Contreras, Bruce Dean, Erin Elliott, Lee Feinberg, Karl Hansen, Bruce Hardy, William Hayden, J. Scott Knight, Paul Lightsey, Carl Starr, Joseph Sullivan

Proceedings Volume 7010, 70100S (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.786984

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Mirrors, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Interfaces, Calibration, Wavefront sensors, Observatories, Cryogenics, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 2007 Paper

Paper

Wavefront control toolbox for James Webb Space Telescope testbed

Ron Shiri, David Aronstein, Jeffery Smith, Bruce Dean, Erin Sabatke

Proceedings Volume 6711, 67110P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736314

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, James Webb Space Telescope, Wavefronts, Image segmentation, Control systems, Detection and tracking algorithms, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Zemax, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2007 Paper

Paper

A scanning Hartmann focus test for the EUVI telescopes aboard STEREO

R. Ohl, S. Antonille, D. Aronstein, B. Dean, M. Delmont, J. d'Entremont, W. Eichhorn, B. Frey, S. Hynes, D. Janssen, D. Kubalak, K. Redman, R. Shiri, J. Smith, P. Thompson, M. Wilson

Proceedings Volume 6676, 66760G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734655

KEYWORDS: Collimators, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Error analysis, Sensors, Ultraviolet radiation, Eye, Interferometers, Mendelevium

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Proceedings Article | 20 September 2007 Paper

Paper

TRL-6 for JWST wavefront sensing and control

Lee Feinberg, Bruce Dean, David Aronstein, Charles Bowers, William Hayden, Richard Lyon, Ron Shiri, J. Scott Smith, D. Scott Acton, Larkin Carey, Adam Contos, Erin Sabatke, John Schwenker, Duncan Shields, Tim Towell, Fang Shi, Luis Meza

Proceedings Volume 6687, 668708 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736059

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, James Webb Space Telescope, Wavefronts, Phase retrieval, Mirrors, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Cameras, Phase modulation

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Proceedings Article | 20 September 2007 Paper

Paper

End-to-end commissioning demonstration of the James Webb Space Telescope

D. Scott Acton, Timothy Towell, John Schwenker, Duncan Shields, Erin Sabatke, Adam Contos, Karl Hansen, Fang Shi, Bruce Dean, Scott Smith

Proceedings Volume 6687, 668706 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.731653

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, James Webb Space Telescope, Image processing, Phase modulation, Space telescopes, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Mirrors, Aerospace engineering, Imaging arrays

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Proceedings Article | 20 September 2007 Paper

Paper

Co-adding techniques for image-based wavefront sensing for segmented-mirror telescopes

J. Smith, David Aronstein, Bruce Dean, D. Acton

Proceedings Volume 6687, 668711 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736401

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Point spread functions, Image segmentation, Wavefront sensors, James Webb Space Telescope, Phase retrieval, Sensors, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2006 Paper

Paper

Demonstration of the James Webb Space Telescope commissioning on the JWST testbed telescope

D. Scott Acton, Timothy Towell, John Schwenker, John Swensen, Duncan Shields, Erin Sabatke, Lana Klingemann, Adam Contos, Brian Bauer, Karl Hansen, Paul Atcheson, David Redding, Fang Shi, Scott Basinger, Bruce Dean, Laura Burns

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62650R (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672133

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, James Webb Space Telescope, Space telescopes, Phase modulation, Telescopes, Wavefronts, Algorithm development, Image processing algorithms and systems, Sensors, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Distributed computing architecture for image-based wavefront sensing and 2D FFTs

Jeffrey Smith, Bruce Dean, Shadan Haghani

Proceedings Volume 6274, 627421 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672842

KEYWORDS: Digital signal processing, Field programmable gate arrays, Computer architecture, Wavefront sensors, Magnesium, Algorithm development, Distributed computing, James Webb Space Telescope, Signal processing, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Wavefront sensing and control architecture for the Spherical Primary Optical Telescope (SPOT)

Bruce Dean, Jeff Smith, Jason Budinoff, Lee Feinberg

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62654F (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673450

KEYWORDS: Digital signal processing, Wavefront sensors, Image segmentation, Mirrors, Hough transforms, Actuators, Image processing, Spherical lenses, Calibration, Signal processing

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Wave-optics analysis of pupil imaging

Bruce Dean, Brent Bos

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62653H (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673572

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Imaging systems, Systems modeling, Diffraction, Data modeling, Process control, Mirrors, Monochromatic aberrations, Radio propagation, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Focus determination for the James Webb Space Telescope science instruments: a survey of methods

Pamela Davila, Matthew Bolcar, Brent Bos, Bruce Dean, John Hagopian, Joseph Howard, Blair Unger, Mark Wilson

Proceedings Volume 6265, 626512 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673383

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Point spread functions, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Sensors, Code v, Linear filtering, Mirrors, Cameras, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

Paper

Phase retrieval algorithm for JWST Flight and Testbed Telescope

Bruce Dean, David Aronstein, J. Scott Smith, Ron Shiri, D. Scott Acton

Proceedings Volume 6265, 626511 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673569

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Phase retrieval, Wavefronts, Mirrors, Digital signal processing, Algorithm development, Image segmentation, Data modeling, Space telescopes, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Target selection and imaging requirements for JWST fine phasing

Joseph Green, Bruce Dean, Catherine Ohara, David Redding, Yan Zhang

Proceedings Volume 5487, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552433

KEYWORDS: James Webb Space Telescope, Point spread functions, Mirrors, Error analysis, Image segmentation, Stars, Stochastic processes, Space telescopes, Monte Carlo methods, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Wavefront sensing using a multi-object spectrograph (NIRSpec)

Bruce Dean, Rene Boucarut, Jeffrey Smith, Theo Hadjimichael

Proceedings Volume 5487, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.550912

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Data modeling, Diffraction, James Webb Space Telescope, Phase retrieval, Spectrographs, Mirrors, Cameras, Point spread functions, Astronomical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2003 Paper

Paper

Optical design and performance of the NGST wavefront control testbed

Peter Petrone, Scott Basinger, Laura Burns, Charles Bowers, Andrew Chu, David Cohen, Pamela Davila, Bruce Dean, Peter Dogota, Michael Fitzmaurice, Joseph Green, Kong Ha, William Hayden, Don Lindler, Andrew Lowman, Catherine Ohara, Mark Wilson, David Redding, Fang Shi, Barbara Zukowski

Proceedings Volume 4850, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463280

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Wavefronts, Mirrors, Telescopes, Control systems, Device simulation, Adaptive optics, Actuators, CCD cameras, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2003 Paper

Paper

Optical design of rapid infrared-visible multi-object spectrometer: a NGST demonstration instrument

Jian Ge, Alexander Kutyrev, Bruce Dean, Harvey Moseley, Bruce Woodgate, Catherine Marx

Proceedings Volume 4850, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461948

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Silicon, Imaging spectroscopy, Sensors, Astronomical imaging, Optical design, Cameras, Spectral resolution, Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Wavefront control for a segmented deployable space telescope

David Redding, Scott Basinger, David Cohen, Andrew Lowman, Fang Shi, Pierre Bely, Charles Bowers, Richard Burg, Laura Burns, Pamela Davila, Bruce Dean, Gary Mosier, Todd Norton, Peter Petrone, Brendon Perkins, Mark Wilson

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.393971

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Wavefronts, Sensors, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Actuators, Point spread functions, Cameras, Phase retrieval, Magnesium

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Paper

Initial test results from the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) wavefront sensing and control testbed (WCT)

Charles Bowers, Pamela Davila, Bruce Dean, Brendon Perkins, Mark Wilson, David Redding, Scott Basinger, David Cohen, Andrew Lowman, Fang Shi, Laura Burns, Michael Fitzmaurice, Todd Norton, Peter Petrone, J. Ladd Wheeler

Proceedings Volume 4013, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.393972

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Actuators, Phase modulation, Wavefront sensors, Point spread functions, Space telescopes, Phase retrieval, Mirrors, Spatial frequencies, Sensors

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Showing 5 of 30 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Fifteenth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics

22 June 2008 | Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

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