Dr. Bob Q. Fugate Profile

Dr. Bob Q. Fugate

Senior Scientist (retired) at Air Force Research Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (36)

Proceedings Article | 7 July 2008 Paper

Simple model, including recoil, for the brightness of sodium guide stars created from CW single frequency fasors and comparison to measurements

Paul Hillman, Jack Drummond, Craig Denman, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 7015, 70150L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790650

KEYWORDS: Chemical species, Sodium, Doppler effect, Mesosphere, Telescopes, Atmospheric propagation, Electroluminescent displays, Polarization, Velocity measurements

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Proceedings Article | 22 April 2008 Paper

Artificial optical guidestars: prospects for extremely large telescopes

R. Fugate

Proceedings Volume 6986, 69860F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801268

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Laser guide stars, Microwave radiation, Plasma, Sodium, Pulsed laser operation, Phased array optics, Laser scattering, Stars, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 4 July 2006 Paper

Characteristics of sodium guidestars created by the 50-watt FASOR and first closed-loop AO results at the Starfire Optical Range

Craig Denman, Jack Drummond, Mark Eickhoff, Robert Fugate, Paul Hillman, Steven Novotny, John Telle

Proceedings Volume 6272, 62721L (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.695916

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Sodium, Telescopes, Polarization, Sodium guide stars, Magnetism, Advanced distributed simulations, Stars, Binary data, Chemical species

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2006 Paper

Studies of a mesospheric sodium guidestar pumped by continuous-wave sum-frequency mixing of two Nd:YAG laser lines in lithium triborate

John Telle, Jack Drummond, Craig Denman, Paul Hillman, Gerald Moore, Steven Novotny, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 6215, 62150K (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.673121

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Chemical species, Sodium, Sodium guide stars, Optical pumping, Telescopes, Estimation theory, Nd:YAG lasers, Absorption, Lithium

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2005 Paper

Realization of a 50-watt facility-class sodium guidestar pump laser

Craig Denman, Paul Hillman, Gerald Moore, John Telle, Joseph Preston, Jack Drummond, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 5707, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.613370

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Sodium, Nd:YAG lasers, Oscillators, Laser guide stars, Sodium guide stars, Continuous wave operation, Mirrors, Sum-frequency generation, Crystals

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Proceedings Article | 25 October 2004 Paper

Progress toward a 50-watt facility-class sodium guide star pump laser

Robert Fugate, Craig Denman, Paul Hillman, Gerald Moore, John Telle, Imelda De La Rue, Jack Drummond, James Spinhirne

Proceedings Volume 5490, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.556871

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Oscillators, Sodium, Adaptive optics, Sodium guide stars, Mirrors, Electronics, Laser guide stars, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 October 2004 Paper

Active tracking with moderate power lasers

Jim Riker, Robert Fugate, Trae Holcomb, Joshua Kann, William Lowrey, Ann Slavin, James Spinhirne, Andrea Tuffli, James Brown

Proceedings Volume 5552, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.562298

KEYWORDS: Satellites, 3D modeling, Sensors, Control systems, Data modeling, Transmitters, Optical tracking, Signal to noise ratio, Active optics, Retroreflectors

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2003 Paper

Performance of wavefront sensors in strong scintillation

Jeffrey Barchers, David Fried, Donald Link, Glenn Tyler, William Moretti, Terry Brennan, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 4839, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457126

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Scintillation, Shearing interferometers, Point diffraction interferometers, Turbulence, Reconstruction algorithms, Phase shifting, Phase measurement, Wave propagation

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Proceedings Article | 4 February 2003 Paper

The Starfire Optical Range 3.5-m adaptive optical telescope

Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 4837, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457972

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Satellites, Adaptive optics, Sensors, Space telescopes, Cameras, Actuators, Atmospheric optics, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2000 Paper

Update on 589-nm sodium guide star pump laser requirements

John Telle, Peter Milonni, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 4007, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.390326

KEYWORDS: Chemical species, Absorption, Sodium, Continuous wave operation, Laser guide stars, Optical pumping, Sodium guide stars, Doppler effect, Voltage controlled current source

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2000 Paper

Prospects for benefits to astronomical adaptive optics from U.S. military programs

Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 4007, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.390370

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Optical coatings, Satellites, Space telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Laser development, Mirrors, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 1999 Paper

Scintillation characterization for multiple beams

Patrick Ryan, William Lowrey, Imelda De La Rue, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3763, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363615

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Satellites, Photodiodes, Atmospheric scintillation, Sensors, Telescopes, Retroreflectors, Clouds, Atmospheric propagation, Laser beam propagation

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 1999 Paper

Preliminary experimental evidence of anisotropy of turbulence and the effect of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on wavefront tilt statistics

Mikhail Belen'kii, Jeffrey Barchers, Stephen Karis, Christina Osmon, James Brown, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3762, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363597

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Turbulence, Anisotropy, Wavefronts, Atmospheric modeling, Stars, Cameras, Data modeling, Wave propagation, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 1999 Paper

Experimental validation of tilt measurement technique with a laser beacon

Mikhail Belen'kii, Stephen Karis, James Brown, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3762, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363596

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Turbulence, Atmospheric sensing, Wavefronts, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Receivers, Motion measurement, Laser guide stars, Charge-coupled devices

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 1999 Paper

Adaptive optics high-resolution spectroscopy: present status and future direction

Jian Ge, Dino Ciarlo, Paul Kuzmenko, Charles Alcock, Bruce Macintosh, James Roger Angel, Neville Woolf, Michael Lloyd-Hart, Robert Fugate, Joan Najita

Proceedings Volume 3762, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363572

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Adaptive optics, Silicon, Telescopes, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, Diffraction gratings, Etching, Prisms, Charge-coupled devices

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Proceedings Article | 3 August 1999 Paper

Stellar scintillation in the near-IR

Patrick Ryan, John Wynia, Earl Spillar, Imelda De La Rue, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3706, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.356982

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Photodiodes, Sensors, Telescopes, Indium gallium arsenide, Stars, Space telescopes, Spatial frequencies, Signal to noise ratio, Atmospheric sensing

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 1999 Paper

Progress in atmospheric adaptive optics

Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3749, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.354741

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Sodium, Atmospheric optics, Astronomy, Laser guide stars, Deformable mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 1999 Paper

Experimental evidence of the effects of non-Kolmogorov turbulence and anisotropy of turbulence

Mikhail Belen'kii, Stephen Karis, Christina Osmon, James Brown, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3749, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.354860

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Turbulence, Anisotropy, Wavefronts, Stars, Adaptive optics, Optical filters, Statistical analysis, Domes, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Paper

Scattered energy at the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-m adaptive optic telescope

Patrick Ryan, Robert Fugate, Maud Langlois, David Sandler

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321641

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Planets, Telescopes, Speckle, Diffraction, Stars, Wavefronts, Signal to noise ratio, Interference (communication), Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Paper

Increasing the useful field of view of an adaptive optics system

Mark Chun, Walter Wild, Fang Shi, Michael Smutko, Edward Kibblewhite, Robert Fugate, Julian Christou

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321631

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Stars, Telescopes, Rayleigh guide stars, Turbulence, Wavefront reconstruction, Calibration, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric corrections

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Paper

Starfire Optical Range 3.5-m telescope adaptive optical system

James Spinhirne, Jeff Allen, George Ameer, James Brown, Julian Christou, Terry Duncan, R. Eager, Mark Ealey, Brent Ellerbroek, Robert Fugate, Gary Jones, R. Kuhns, David Lee, William Lowrey, Michael Oliker, Raymond Ruane, David Swindle, Joshua Voas, Walter Wild, Keith Wilson, John Wynia

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321689

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Mirrors, Actuators, Deformable mirrors, Cameras, Digital signal processing, CCD image sensors, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 1997 Paper

Experimental study of the effect of non-Kolmogorov stratospheric turbulence on star image motion

Mikhail Belen'kii, Stephen Karis, James Brown, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3126, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.290143

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Turbulence, Stars, Atmospheric modeling, Data modeling, Motion models, Space telescopes, Motion measurement, Anisotropy, Scintillation

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 1997 Paper

Measurements of tilt angular anisoplanatism

Mikhail Belen'kii, Stephen Karis, James Brown, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3126, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.290165

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Motion measurement, CCD cameras, Image resolution, Turbulence, Data processing, Data modeling, Wavefronts, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1997 Paper

Scintillation characterization under diverse conditions

Patrick Ryan, Dustin Johnston, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3125, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.283889

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Turbulence, Spatial frequencies, Lenses, Stars, Signal attenuation, Optical communications, Atmospheric turbulence, Wind energy, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1997 Paper

Scintillation data comparison between a star and laser returns from a high-altitude balloon payload

Imelda De La Rue, Patrick Ryan, Dustin Johnston, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 3125, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.283895

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Stars, Telescopes, Modulation, Satellites, Transmitters, Turbulence, Sensors, Data modeling, Semiconductor lasers

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1997 Paper

Comparison of three methods of measuring the atmospheric coherence length

Ann Slavin, Ann Wells, Robert Fugate, David Fried, James Drexler

Proceedings Volume 3125, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.283887

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Turbulence, Stars, Sensors, Detector arrays, Motion measurement, Cameras, Image analysis

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 1997 Paper

Low-power FLC-based retromodulator communications system

Charles Swenson, Clark Steed, Imelda De La Rue, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 2990, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.273706

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Telescopes, Modulation, Satellites, Space telescopes, Transmitters, Sensors, Telecommunications, Laser communications, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1995 Paper

Summary of optical turbulence measurements taken at the Starfire Optical Range

Carolyn Morgenstern, Robert Fugate, Ann Slavin

Proceedings Volume 2471, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.211949

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Optical turbulence, Adaptive optics, Stars, Modulation transfer functions, Optical testing, Coherence (optics), Clouds, Scintillation, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 26 April 1995 Paper

Laser beaming demonstrations at the Starfire Optical Range

Ronald Lipinski, Dorothy Meister, Steve Tucker, Phillip Leatherman, Robert Fugate, Carl Maes, W. Joseph Lange, William Cowan, Richard Cleis, James Spinhirne, Raymond Ruane, Janice Glover, Robert Michie, Andrew Meulenberg

Proceedings Volume 2376, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.208207

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Telescopes, Ruby lasers, Mirrors, Stars, Adaptive optics, Sensors, YAG lasers, Retroreflectors, Ruby

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1994 Paper

First observations with the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter telescope

Robert Fugate, Brent Ellerbroek, Eric Stewart, D'nardo Colucci, Raymond Ruane, James Spinhirne, Richard Cleis, Robert Eager

Proceedings Volume 2199, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.176214

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Satellites, Satellite communications, Control systems, Adaptive optics, Fourier transforms, Stars, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 1994 Paper

Observations of faint objects with laser beacon adaptive optics

Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 2201, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.176055

KEYWORDS: Stars, Adaptive optics, Avalanche photodetectors, Sensors, CCD cameras, Cameras, Laser optics, Phosphorescence, Astronomy, Wavefront sensors

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 1994 Paper

High-bandwidth interferometer for real-time measurement of deformable mirrors

Todd Barrett, Alan Rego, Edward Cuellar, Michael LeFebvre, David Sandler, Robert Fugate, Brent Ellerbroek

Proceedings Volume 2201, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.176107

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Deformable mirrors, Mirrors, Adaptive optics, Beam splitters, Cameras, Photodiodes, Astronomy, Sensors, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Laser beaming demonstrations to high-orbit satellites

Ronald Lipinski, Dorothy Meister, Steve Tucker, Robert Fugate, Phillip Leatherman, Carl Maes, W. Joseph Lange, William Cowan, Andrew Meulenberg, Richard Cleis, James Spinhirne, Raymond Ruane, Robert Michie, Donald Vonderhaar

Proceedings Volume 2121, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174184

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Atmospheric optics, Retroreflectors, Diffraction, Stars, Ruby lasers, Space telescopes, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Laser beacon adaptive optics for power beaming applications

Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 2121, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174170

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Adaptive optics, Stars, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Laser optics, Beam controllers

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 1993 Paper

Current laser guide-star adaptive optics systems and concepts for the future

Brent Ellerbroek, Robert Fugate, James Spinhirne

Proceedings Volume 1780, 17802C (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.142884

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Stars, Laser guide stars, Telescopes, Optical transfer functions, Atmospheric optics, Sodium guide stars, Deformable mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 13 January 1992 Paper

Recovery of atmospheric phase distortion from stellar images using an artificial neural network

David Sandler, Todd Barrett, Robert Fugate

Proceedings Volume 1543, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.51204

KEYWORDS: Neural networks, Telescopes, Distortion, Sensors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Device simulation, Atmospheric optics, Space telescopes

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