We compare different pulse durations, modes and repetition rates of infrared ultrashort pulses lasers for the inscription of printed electronics sensors under 100 μm scale. We investigate pulse widths varying from 200 fs up to 10 ps, and standard single pulse versus 5 GHz burst regimes to produce the most efficient and cleanest ablation. The aim of the investigated process is to ablate a layer of conductive material like carbon, NiAl or NiCr forming the electronic track contours, without damaging the support which is made of a dielectric insulator. Depending on the materials and substrates of the printed electronics circuits, we have observed that 10 ps pulses in GHz burst regime with moderate individual pulse energy (around 10 μJ) have a lot of potential for an efficient production.
Industrial molds used to manufacture new type of Fresnel lenses require significant control over the size and shape of the ablation grooves. In particular, for demanding patterns, the objective is to obtain asymmetrical triangular grooves of around 10-20 μm width, micromachined with an ultra-short pulse (USP) laser for a better quality. To obtain this ablation profile we use a specific triangular beam shape obtained thanks to a reflection beam-shaping module. The idea is to move and rotate this triangular shape to have one of the edges of the triangle on one side of the groove, and its opposite point on the other side. In order to have total control of the laser process, we have collected a large amount of data of laser parameters, beam profiles and ablated groove profiles. This database allows us, thanks to the use of a deep learning algorithm, to predict the ablation profile from a set of laser parameters and beam profile pictures used for machining. The use of an artificial intelligence algorithm is justified by the fact that, at such a low resolution and with femtosecond laser pulses, light-matter interactions become complex, in particular due to nonlinear effects, which make using simulations difficult. Our deep learning model has the particularity of being a ”hybrid” model using several types of data: laser parameters, curves and images. This allows the algorithm to have an overview of the process but also to give the end-user a very fine control.
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