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Biopolymers are actively used in tissue engineering for the production of biomedical products with desired and controlled properties. Particular attention is paid to the creation of an artificial biomimetic matrix - a framework for targeted regeneration, effective cell growth and their integration with the surrounding tissue. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of interference microscopy for studying the structural, functional and biological properties of biopolymer matrices based on fibroin and chitosan. The analysis of the thickness, relief features, and structure of biopolymer matrices was carried out using methods of superresolving interference and atomic force microscopy. We used a MIM-340 laser modulation interference microscope (Shvabe, Russia) with following technical characteristics: resolution in the lateral plane - 13 nm; vertical resolution - 0.1 nm; the range of measurement of linear vertical dimensions - 0.01–0.10 μm, in the lateral plane (for a 20x lens) - 0.1–8.0 μm; field of view of the measuring channel in the lateral plane of not less than 20 microns. Atomic force microscopy was performed on the basis of the NtegraPrima micro-cantilever system (NT-MDT, Russia) in semi-contact mode. We visualized and quantified the relief and heterogeneity of the internal structure of biopolymer matrices in the obtained interferograms. The effect of the addition of fibroin and jenipine on the thickness, roughness, and structural uniformity of the composite matrix coating has been studied. To assess the biocompatibility, adhesive and immunogenic properties of chitosan and fibroin-containing polymers, populations of living cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils and mesenchymal stem cells) were used. High informativeness of the QPI in the study of the morpho-functional properties of films and nanofiber materials was established. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of new biopolymer composites, the most promising samples for creating medical devices with characteristics as close to physiological as possible are determined.
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