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Data centers play an important role in the ongoing demand for higher data rates. Here intensity-modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the emitters of choice. The intensity dynamics resonance is currently limited to around 30 GHz. Using the much faster polarization dynamics in VCSELs can be a promising alternative. The polarization dynamics resonance is mainly determined by the frequency difference of the two orthogonal linearly polarized modes, which is defined by the birefringence. We have experimentally investigated mechanisms for birefringence manipulation from large-scale down to on-chip solutions. Polarization oscillations with frequencies in excess of 200 GHz have been observed.
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Tobias Pusch, Markus Lindemann, Natalie Jung, Nils C. Gerhardt, Martin R. Hofmann, Rainer Michalzik, "Manipulation of birefringence in spin-VCSELs," Proc. SPIE 11470, Spintronics XIII, 114702K (20 August 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567336