Traditional drug sensitivity assay confirms the cell death by time-consuming fixation and labeling. This snapshot evaluation overlooks the valuable time-course pharmacodynamics that could offer new insights for accurate drug screening. In this study, we have developed a label-free method to promptly detect cell senescence using endogenous lipofuscin-like autofluorescence. Following drug treatment, we observed that damaged mitochondria release molecules emitting lipofuscin-like red autofluorescence. This corresponding fluorescence intensity significantly increases in apoptotic and necrotic cells. Such innovative approach enables the real-time observation of treatment outcomes in 3D tumor organoids and has the potential to determine drug sensitivity earlier than the Annexin V/PI assay. This metabolic fluorescence signature could substantially enhance the efficiency of drug sensitivity testing.
Traditional drug sensitivity assay confirms the cell death by time-consuming fixation and labeling. This snapshot evaluation neglects valuable time-course details that may provide new insight for the speed-up of drug screening. Here we develop a label-free method to early report cell senescence by the endogenous lipofuscin autofluorescence. After drug treatment, we found the lipofuscin red autofluorescence greatly increased in apoptotic and necrotic cells. This approach allows the time-course observation of pharmacodynamics in 3D tumor organoids and could determine the drug sensitivity earlier than Annexin V/PI assay. This metabolic fluorescence hallmark could improve the throughput of drug sensitivity test.
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