We demonstrate the direct generation of watt-level orbital Poincaré sphere (OPS) modes operating at 1.173 μm, corresponding to the first-Stokes emission of the 882 cm-1 Raman shift in Nd:GdVO4 crystal, by employing a tight needle pumping beam with an off-axis pumping geometry. Maximum Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode output power of ~1.2 W was achieved, corresponding an optical conversion efficiency of 14.0 %.
We demonstrate the direct generation of geometrical Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes from an annular beam pumped
Nd:GdVO4 laser with a degeneracy cavity configuration. Such geometrical LG modes pave the way towards a myriad of
applications, such as optical/quantum communication, optical trapping, and micro-fabrications.
We first demonstrated the generation of an optical bottle beam with a zero-intensity region surrounded by threedimensional bright regions from an intra-cavity frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser with a nearly hemispherical cavity configuration. We also numerically analyzed the components of the generated bottle beam which consists of a series of Laguerre–Gaussian modes. The experimental results can be excellently reconstructed with the theoretical model.
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