In recent years, the automated observation calibration of satellite remote sensing sensors has been widely used. At least 2~3 automated observation devices are usually required to complete the collection of necessary parameters such as surface reflectance, aerosol optical depth, and sky scattering radiation in the calibration field. In this paper, a high-precision automated ground-solar-sky radiometer (GSSR) is developed, which provides 9 working modes, including direct solar irradiance mode (SUN), solar almucantar scanning mode (ALM), almucantar in the hemisphere scanning mode (ALMH), solar principal plane scanning mode (PPL), principal plane in the hemisphere scanning mode (PPLH), ground observation mode (GRD), in-orbit synchronization mode (SYNC), sky radiance channels calibration mode (SKYCLB), and ground radiance channels calibration mode (GRDCLB). The 9 working modes can realize the automatic measurement of direct solar irradiance, sky diffuse irradiance, and ground radiation with high accuracy, and then invert the basic parameters required for vicarious calibration in site of satellite remote sensing sensor. It can realize the absolute radiation calibration of visible-near-infrared wavebands when the satellite remote sensing sensor overpass by one instrument only by itself. At the same time, the long sequence of sky diffuse and ground radiance measurement data is helpful for analyzing the evolution of atmospheric and surface spectral characteristics in the calibration field over a long period.
Automatic observation for calibration of satellite remote sensors is used widely in the past few years, which usually two or three automatic observation instruments for necessary characteristics, such as surface reflectance, aerosol optical depth and diffuse irradiance for more calibration accurate, are placed in the site. In this paper, an automated precision ground-solar-sky radiometer (GSSR) is developed with constant temperature for Si and InGaAs detectors avoiding the influence of temperature drift of detector responsivity and BeiDou terminal for data transmission. The radiometer is equipped with three aperture tubes, one for measuring the direct solar irradiance and the sky diffuse radiance, and the other two for measuring the surface reflectance. When the satellite overpass, it can adjust to consistent observation azimuth with the remote sensors eliminating the effect of bidirectional reflectance. The radiometric calibration of irradiance channels are carried out with Langley method and the radiance channels with the lamp-panel system (LPS) method and the solar radiation-based calibration (SRBC) method. The deviation of the calibration coefficients obtained by two independent calibration methods LPS and SRBC is less than 3% in band 1-7, indicating that the calibration results are accurate.
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