In this paper, we adopt a double-delayed parallel reservoir computing scheme to identify the noise-interfered distorted optical signals with IQ modulation formats (QPSK, 4QAM, 8PSK). Influences of different input layer masks and signal-noise-ratio (SNR) are investigated in detail. Results demonstrate that the proposed photonic reservoir computing can achieve over 97% identification accuracy for distorted QPSK-4QAM or QPSK-8PSK signal sequences.
Based on the transfer matrix method, the spectral characteristics of series-coupled weak ring-waveguide microresonator are investigated. Influences of the internal and external coupling coefficients on the sub-resonant are analyzed. Results demonstrate that the wavelength spacing of mode-split-resonances expands obviously as the internal coupling coefficients of the adjacent rings (K1~KN-1) increasing. By the monitoring the variation of wavelength spacing of the split resonance, photonic sensor with high sensitivity and high reliability is presented.
In this paper, we adopt VGG-16 deep learning model and signal constellation diagrams to identify five different types of advanced optical modulation formats: BPSK, 4QAM, QPSK, 8QAM, 8PSK. 100% identification accuracy and no confusion are achieved for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) higher than 8dB. Compared with the methods have been reported, the proposed method has the advantages of not requiring manual feature extraction, having the ability to identify the modulation format with high accuracy and to estimate the SNR.
A novel fiber sensing system for monitoring the long-haul oil/gas pipeline is proposed and experimentally verified. By measuring the time delay difference between two counter-propagating signals along one Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensing fiber cable with length of 10.32 km, discretional disturbance is detected and located successfully with a spatial resolution ≤ 30 m. In addition, the sensitivity threshold and the protected zone range are measured to avoid arousing lots of false alarms
A novel reflection-type filter composed of microring resonator array and MZI is presented and analyzed. Simulation
results show that the devices can be used as reflection-type filters for DWDM system or wavelength-selective reflectors
for fixed or tunable lasers by properly choosing the values of coupling ratios.
The all-fiber, multi-cavity, Fabry-Perot passband filters based on fiber Bragg gratings, up to seven, are presented and
modeled. The general formulas of the transfer function for the multiple-cavity Fabry-Perot filters are derived with the
transfer matrix method. Transmission spectrum characteristics of the filters with different number of cavities are
simulated, analyzed and compared. Numerical results show that near-rectangular bandpass shape can be realized by
choosing the proper index modulation depths for every forming FBGs. And the simulations clearly demonstrate that the
more we increase the number of cavities the more the shape of the central transmission peak is getting rectangular.
The coupled-mode equations corresponding to a novel complex long-period-grating-assisted coupler (LPGAC), which consists of both the periodic refractive index modulation and gain/loss perturbation, is introduced and the close-form analytical solution is obtained, for the first time to our knowledge. And a unique unidirectional and
nonreversible filtering characteristic is achieved by adjusting the gain/loss to match with the refractive index modulation. In addition, the impact of deviations in the grating profile is also evaluated, and the results show that the required device performance can be realized by controlling the amplitude and phase deviation <5%.
Chirped fiber Bragg gratings are supposed to be cascaded for multi-channel dispersion compensation in DWDM
systems. The interaction between them restricts their employment. Gaussian and Super Gaussian apodization are used to
reduce the out-of-band reflection so as to suppress the interaction of the cascaded gratings. The increase of the channel
spacing can also diminish the interaction.
The impact of cascaded CFBGs delay ripple for dispersion compensation has been analyzed. The experimental results show that the overall penalty was proportional either to the number or to the square root of the number of CFBGs employed along the link. The delay ripple of the overall CFBGs fluctuates, and the overall CFBGs reflectivity was not simply additive but was related to the placement of the CFBG and line amplifier gain. For the first time, the experimental results of dispersion compensation for a 2-×10-Gb/s, 1000-km WDM system using self-made CFBGs with less than 1-dB power penalty for each channel have been achieved.
Combined the characteristics of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the advantages of microring resonator, a new and simple method for improving the performance of MZI electro-optic modulators (EOMs) is proposed. Using the coupled-mode theory and transfer matrix method, the transfer function of the device is analyzed and parameters are optimized. Numerical results demonstrate that Q-factor exceeding 1x104 and modulator bandwidth above 40Gbit/s is achieved by choosing the proper microring radius. And the 3rd-order nonlinear harmonic distortion of the modulator curve is cancelled and linear range higher than 90% is obtained by setting biasing point and choosing coupling coefficients. Compare with the single ring structure, performances of the designed device can be improved further by integrating multiple microring resonators.
The successful fabrication of multi-wavelength FBG by using the high precision exposure clamp of scanning stage that made by ourselves are introduced. Only a single phase mask is used, and the wavelengths of FBGs fit the wavelength standard of the ITU-T. FBGs with four different wavelengths are fabricated by using one phase mask, and they have been used in a 4×10Gb/s, 1000 km conventional single mode optical fiber(G.652) transmission system. In each channel, 6 FBGs are used for the dispersion compensation and the power penalty in each channel is less than 1.8dB.
The random deviation of the periodicity of the gratings will affect the performance of the fiber gratings. The random errors would not accumulate when the gratings were cascaded. But we found a kind of fabricating system errors induced by the method for the side writing of fiber gratings, which would accumulate when cascaded. So laser with the less pulse energy should be used to write the gratings to developing the system's performance.
The transfer functions of the vertically coupled microring resonator are derived. The effects of parameters such as: the coupling coefficients, the internal propagation loss and the microring’s radius on the characteristics of the resonator are analyzed theoretically. And the optimum parameters are chosen. The higher order microring resonator is compared with the single ring resonator. At last, a wide wavelength range tunable filter based on microring resonator is proposed and its structure is shown in details.
In this paper, we present and design a new type of tunable filter. The polymer with high electro-optic (EO) coefficient is fabricated as the outer layer of the long period fiber grating (LPG), since the resonant wavelength of LPG is extremely sensitive to the refractive index change outside the cladding, it is possible to achieve very fast speed broad tuning of wavelength by slightly tuning the refractive index of the surround area through the fast speed EO effect.
LPG's sensitivities in the spectral shift and the strength change of the attenuation band to the surrounding medium are analyzed and the results are in close agreement with our experiments. According to the characteristics of LPG, we will introduce, for the first time to our knowledge, a novel all-fiber electro-optic (EO) polymer modulator that is based on the LPG. The materials used in the modulator are chosen and the processing is also given. The purpose of this analysis is to provide design insight and the feasibility of making such a device. Using the theory of multi-claddings optical wave-guide, we achieved the relationship between LPG’s resonant wavelength and the drive voltage.
In this paper, we present the design of a new type of high speed electro-optic (EO) modulator based on long period fiber grating (LPG). The outer layer of the LPG is fabricated by material with high EO coefficient, and a special material with ultra-negative temperature coefficient is used for the temperature compensation. This
modulator can work steadily with low power microwave driver, its speed is very high and its cost is low. To our knowledge, this is the first time for a modulator designed with such a simple and effective structure.
Delay ripples of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), which a CFBG can compensate 200 km long optic fiber's dispersion, have been analyzed in detail. A numerical simulation of cascaded grating delay ripples has been done by Schroedinger equation and compared with experiment of 1,000 km transmission over G652 fiber by 5 groups of CFBGs dispersion compensation. The research shows that the system degradation depends on the delay ripple period, which is 0.01~0.1nm through a lot of experiments, and amplitude of delay ripple. We had experimentally studied fluctate of power penalty depend on ripple perod of CFBGs when source wavelength changed +/-20GHz around CFBGs center wavelength, the results of theory agree well with these of experiment.
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