Dr. Xavier Rottenberg Profile

Dr. Xavier Rottenberg

Fellow at imec

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Author

Publications (25)

Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Poster

Tomographic imaging with a sensitive optomechanical ultrasound sensor and a low-cost LED-based photoacoustic system

Cedric Pieters, Tom Verschooten, Grim Keulemans, Hilde Jans, Liesbet Lagae, Jon Kjellman, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume PC12842, PC128422B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000167

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Photoacoustic imaging, Ultrasonography, Sensors, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Tomography, Light emitting diodes, Q switched lasers, Pulse signals, Ultrasound transducers

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Photonic integrated circuit for wavefront shaping

Filip Milojković, Niels Verellen, Roelof Jansen, Frédéric Peyskens, Mathias Prost, Jon Øyvind Kjellman, Xavier Rottenberg, Pol Van Dorpe

Proceedings Volume PC12851, PC128510I (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002852

KEYWORDS: Photonic integrated circuits, Wavefronts, Spatial light modulators, Biomedical optics, Tissues, Tissue optics, Silicon photonics, Silicon nitride, Scattering media, Scattered light

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2023 Presentation

Photoacoustic imaging using an optomechanical ultrasound sensor for future applications in breast cancer imaging

Hilde Jans, Cedric Pieters, Deep Bera, Grim Keulemans, Roelof Jansen, Veronique Rochus, Jon Kjellman, Hasan Mahmud-Ul-Hasan, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 12468, 1246810 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654145

KEYWORDS: Breast cancer, Sensors, Photoacoustic imaging, Ultrasonography, Mammography, Tumors, Tissue optics, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Diagnostics, Breast

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2023 Presentation

AR|VR|MR for all senses: technologies for a fully immersive experience

Eleonora Storace, Matthew Traub, Xavier Rottenberg, Pawel Malinowski, Erwin Hijzen, Marcus Dahlem

Proceedings Volume 12450, 124500J (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2666887

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Photoacoustic raster scan imaging using an optomechanical ultrasound sensor in silicon photonics

Cedric Pieters, Wouter Westerveld, Hasan Mahmud-Ul-Hasan, Simone Severi, Jon Kjellman, Roelof Jansen, Veronique Rochus, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 11960, 1196017 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607501

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photoacoustic imaging, Photoacoustic tomography, Optomechanical design, Silicon photonics

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Proceedings Article | 9 December 2021 Paper

Sensitive optomechanical ultrasound sensor in a silicon photonic chip towards single-shot photoacoustic imaging with an ultrasound sensor matrix

Cedric Pieters, Wouter Westerveld, Md. Mahmud-Ul-Hasan, Simone Severi, Rami Shnaiderman, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Margo Billen, Jon Kjellman, Roelof Jansen, Veronique Rochus, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 11923, 119230Q (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2615909

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Ultrasonography, Silicon photonics, Photoacoustic imaging, Waveguides, Silicon, Photonics, Mendelevium, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2021 Presentation

Wafer-scale 2.5D optics in the visible and near infrared for advanced light management

Xavier Rottenberg, Denis Marcon, Roelof Jansen, Bruno Figeys, Kristof Lodewijks, Anabel De Proft, Philippe Helin, Veronique Rochus, Cedric Rolin, Eleonora Storace, Robert Gehlhaar, Jan Genoe, Haris Osman, Paul Heremans, Philippe Soussan, Sandeep Saseendran, Aleksandrs Marinins, Bart Vereecke, Nga Pham, Deniz Tezcan

Proceedings Volume 11765, 117650G (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584260

KEYWORDS: Visible radiation, Near infrared, Wafer-level optics, Sensing systems, Waveguides, Structured light, Scanners, Reflectivity, Quartz, Plasmonics

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Towards THz beam steering with integrated phased photomixer arrays

Peter Offermans, Lei Zhang, Sachin Kasture, Roelof Jansen, Peter de Heyn, Jeonghwan Song, Sofie Janssen, Sadhishkumar Balakrishnan, Philippe Soussan, Joris Van Campenhout, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 11685, 116851F (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583195

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Poster + Presentation

Plasmonic transmission color filters with narrow linewidth and enhanced out-of-band suppression

Anabel De Proft, Kristof Lodewijks, Nga Pham, Bart Vereecke, Niels Verellen, Roelof Jansen, Deniz Sabuncuoglu Tezcan, Pol Van Dorpe, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 11694, 1169422 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583081

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Plasmonics, Aluminum, Wave propagation interference, Visible radiation, Surface plasmon polaritons, Silicon, Nanostructuring, Manufacturing, Magnetism

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Silicon photonic opto-mechanical ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic imaging

Wouter Westerveld, Md. Mahmud-Ul-Hasan, Rami Shnaiderman, Cedric Pieters, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Roelof Jansen, Xavier Rottenberg, Simone Severi, Veronique Rochus

Proceedings Volume 11642, 1164223 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577599

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Ultrasonography, Silicon photonics, Waveguides, Photoacoustic imaging, Image sensors, Wafer-level optics, Optical multiplexing, Resonators, Optical fibers

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Integrated photonics beamformers and engines for solid-state LiDAR and beyond

Xavier Rottenberg, Marcus Dahlem, Roelof Jansen, Jon Øyvind Kjellman, Mathias Prost, Bruno Figeys, Sarvagya Dwivedi, Tangla Kongnyuy, Aleksandrs Marinins, Sandeep Saseendran, Philippe Soussan

Proceedings Volume 11690, 1169008 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583083

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Phased arrays, Integrated photonics, Solid state electronics, Scanners, Near infrared, Ranging, Phase shifts, Interferometers, Antennas

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Optomechanical ultrasound sensors in silicon photonics

Wouter Westerveld, Md. Mahmud-Ul-Hasan, Cedric Pieters, Roelof Jansen, Simone Severi, Veronique Rochus, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 11691, 116910H (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576672

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Ultrasonography, Silicon photonics, Waveguides, Photoacoustic imaging, Waveguide sensors, Tomography, Refractive index, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Optical fibers

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2020 Presentation + Paper

Dispersive optical phased array circuit for high-resolution pixelated 2D far-field scanning controlled by a single wavelength variable

Wim Bogaerts, Marcus Dahlem, Sarvagya Dwivedi, Roelof Jansen, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 11284, 112841Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544937

KEYWORDS: Antennas, Waveguides, Phased array optics, LIDAR, Diffraction, Optical circuits, Silicon, Scanners, Photonic integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2020 Presentation + Paper

Silicon photonic phase interrogators for on-chip calibration of optical phased arrays

Jon Øyvind Kjellman, Mathias Prost, Aleksandrs Marinins, Hemant Kumar Tyagi, Tangla David Kongnyuy, Sarp Kerman, Benedetto Troia, Bruno Figeys, Sarvagya Dwivedi, Marcus Dahlem, Philippe Soussan, Xavier Rottenberg, Roelof Jansen

Proceedings Volume 11283, 112830X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546542

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Phased array optics, Silicon, Optical calibration, Silicon photonics, Phase measurement

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2019 Presentation

High conversion efficiency terahertz generation using antenna-coupled silicon integrated Ge photodiodes (Conference Presentation)

Peter Offermans, Lei Zhang, Peter de Heyn, Gonzalo Vaca Castano, Sofie Janssen, Sadhishkumar Balakrishnan, Xavier Rottenberg, Joris Van Campenhout

Proceedings Volume 10916, 109161C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513672

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Silicon, Photodiodes, Germanium, Sensors, Beam steering, Phase contrast, Imaging systems, Complex systems, Continuous wave operation

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2018 Presentation

Integrated metasurface photonics for miniature flow cytometry (Conference Presentation)

Niels Verellen, Dries Vercruysse, Veronique Rochus, Bert Du Bois, Alexandra Dusa, Sarp Kerman, Md. Mahmud-Ul-Hasan, Pol Van Dorpe, Xavier Rottenberg, Liesbet Lagae

Proceedings Volume 10506, 105060X (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2287116

KEYWORDS: Photonics, Optical components, Flow cytometry, Silicon, Diffraction gratings, Life sciences, Visible radiation, Waveguides, Integrated optics, Integrated photonics

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2018 Paper

Coupled multiphysics circuital modelling of micro-opto-mechanical pressure sensor systems

Benedetto Troia, Chih-Hsien Huang, Shengping Mao, Hang Gao, Bruno Figeys, Roelof Jansen, Veronique Rochus, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 10545, 1054518 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2290361

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Waveguides, Electronic circuits, Integrated optics, Optical amplifiers, Modeling, Phase shifts, Computer simulations, Acoustics, Optical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 27 July 2016 Presentation

Density controlled nanophotonic waveguide gratings for efficient on-chip out-coupling in the near field (Conference Presentation)

Dries Vercruysse, Vignesh Mukund, Roelof Jansen, Richard Stahl, Pol Van Dorpe, Liesbet Lagae, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 9891, 98910A (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227919

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Diffraction gratings, Near field, Nanophotonics, Near field optics, Algorithm development, Holography, Optical components, Integrated photonics, Polarization

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Waveguide optics takes up a prominent role in the progressing miniaturization of optical devices. Chip integrated photonic waveguides especially allow for complex routing schemes of light across a chip. In/out-coupling diffraction gratings form an essential tool in waveguide systems, as they facilitate the interaction between the waveguide system and the near or far-field.[1,2] Ideally, these gratings would couple out all light in the waveguide into a beam with a predefined polarization and, phase and intensity profile. As such they should be able to produce any functional beam that is typically prepared by free space optics. Yet, in practice there is typically a design trade-off between beam quality and out-coupling efficiency.[2] Light in the waveguide has to travel laterally through the grating to be coupled out. The light therefore decays exponentially over the grating, causing much more light to be coupled out at the start of the grating than at the end. This asymmetry results in a warped out-coupling intensity that heavily influences the light beam’s intensity profile. Especially when the grating is addressing points in the near field, as is the case for focusing waveguide grating couplers, this effect can be highly disruptive.

In this work we present a grating constructed from a field of sub-wavelength scatterers, rather than full grating lines. By tuning the position and the density of the scatterers, the phase and the intensity of the out-coupled light can be set precisely over large grating areas. An iterative design algorithm is developed that carefully tunes the density so as to control the light intensity in the waveguide and the amount of out-coupled light. Using FDTD simulations we show that these gratings can efficiently couple out light into a nearly diffraction limited spot with an even angular intensity. We verify this experimentally by fabricating these gratings in the SiN/SiO2 system using e-beam lithography. In addition, we also show that these gratings can couple out more complex holographic patterns.

These density controlled out-coupling gratings let us efficiently address the near-field on optical chips, making them ideal waveguide components for on-chip optical trapping, holographic imaging or fluorescent excitation.[3]

Proceedings Article | 13 May 2016 Paper

On-chip fluorescence excitation and collection by focusing grating couplers

Sarp Kerman, Dries Vercruysse, Tom Claes, Mahmud Ul Hasan, Pieter Neutens, Vignesh Mukund, Xavier Rottenberg, Liesbet Lagae, Pol Van Dorpe

Proceedings Volume 9891, 98911L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227740

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Waveguides, Silicon, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Microscopes, Microfluidics, Photonics, Diffraction gratings, Silicon photonics, Integrated optics, Etching, Finite-difference time-domain method, Visible radiation, Optical design, Optical fiber cables

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2016 Paper

Benchmarking time-of-flight based depth measurement techniques

Andreas Süss, Veronique Rochus, Maarten Rosmeulen, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 9751, 975118 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212478

KEYWORDS: Spatial resolution, Modulation, LIDAR, Performance modeling, Systems modeling, Single photon, Single photon detectors, Continuous wave operation, Miniature imaging systems, Ranging, Image sensors, Real time imaging, Time of flight cameras, Time of flight imaging, Time of flight range image sensors, Sensors, Reflectivity, Demodulation, Light sources, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2015 Paper

Microscope-on-chip: combining lens-free microscopy with integrated photonics

Richard Stahl, Dries Vercruysse, Tom Claes, Geert Vanmeerbeeck, Vignesh Mukund, Roelof Jansen, Jeonghwan Song, Luis Hoffman, Xavier Rottenberg, Andy Lambrechts, Liesbet Lagae

Proceedings Volume 9328, 93281C (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077484

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Photonics, Prototyping, Image sensors, Image resolution, Microscopes, Waveguides, Light sources, Phased arrays, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Optical power distributions through fractal routing

Roelof Jansen, Tom Claes, Pieter Neutens, Bert Du Bois, Philippe Helin, Simone Severi, Pol Van Dorpe, Paru Deshpande, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 9133, 91331K (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052486

KEYWORDS: Fractal analysis, Brain-machine interfaces, Waveguides, Antennas, Photonic microstructures, Integrated optics, Sensors, Tolerancing, Image processing, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Large-scale characterization of silicon nitride-based evanescent couplers at 532nm wavelength

Tom Claes, Roelof Jansen, Pieter Neutens, Bert Du Bois, Philippe Helin, Simone Severi, Pol Van Dorpe, Paru Deshpande, Xavier Rottenberg

Proceedings Volume 9133, 91331H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052453

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Waveguides, Photonics, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Reactive ion etching, Silicon photonics, Photonic integrated circuits, Wave propagation, 3D modeling, Standards development

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Recently, the photonics community has a renewed attention for silicon nitride.^1-3 When deposited at temperatures below 650K with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD),⁴ it enables photonic circuits fabricated on-top of standard complementary metaloxidesemiconductor (CMOS) electronics. Silicon nitride is moreover transparent to wavelengths that are visible to the human eye and detectable with available silicon detectors, thus offering a photonics platform for a range of applications that is not accessible with the popular silicon-on-insulator platform. However, first-time-right design of large-scale circuits for demanding specifications requires reliable models of the basic photonic building blocks, like evanescent couplers (Figure 1), components that couple power between multiple waveguides. While these models typically exist for the silicon-on-insulator platform, they still lack maturity for the emerging silicon nitride platform. Therefore, we meticulously studied silicon nitride-based evanescent couplers fabricated in our 200mm-wafer facility. We produced the structures in a silicon nitride film deposited with low-temperature PECVD, and patterned it using optical lithography at a wavelength of 193nm and reactive ion etching. We measured the performance of as much as 250 different designs at 532nm wavelength, a central wavelength in the visible range for which laser sources are widespread. For each design, we measured the progressive transmission of up-to 10 cascaded identical couplers (Figure 2(a)), yielding very accurate figures for the coupling factor (Figure 2(b)). This paper presents the trends extracted from this vast data set (Figure 3), and elaborates on the impact of the couplers bend radius and gap on its coupling factors (Figure 4 and Figure 5). We think that the large- scale characterization of evanescent couplers presented in this paper, in excellent agreement with the simulated performance of the devices, forms the basis for a component library that enables accurate design of silicon nitride-based photonic circuitry.

Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Characterization of PECVD silicon nitride photonic components at 532 and 900 nm wavelength

P. Neutens, A. Subramanian, M. Ul Hasan, C. Chen, R. Jansen, T. Claes, X. Rottenberg, B. Du Bois, K. Leyssens, P. Helin, S. Severi, A. Dhakal, F. Peyskens, L. Lagae, P. Deshpande, R. Baets, P. Van Dorpe

Proceedings Volume 9133, 91331F (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052119

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Oxides, Wave propagation, Cladding, Silicon, Silicon photonics, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Resonators, Electron beam lithography, Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 2005 Paper

Compact and high-accuracy RF MEMS capacitive series devices

Xavier Rottenberg, Bart Nauwelaers, Walter De Raedt, Harrie Tilmans

Proceedings Volume 5717, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.591953

KEYWORDS: Bridges, Capacitance, Switches, Dielectrics, Microelectromechanical systems, Metals, Optical simulations, Capacitors, Aluminum, Semiconducting wafers

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