The high-speed, high-efficient, compact phase modulator array is indispensable in the Optical-phased array (OPA) which has been considered as a promising technology for realizing flexible and efficient beam steering. In our research, two methods are presented to utilize high-contrast grating (HCG) as high-efficient phase modulator. One is that HCG possesses high-Q resonances that origins from the cancellation of leaky waves. As a result, sharp resonance peaks appear on the reflection spectrum thus HCGs can be utilized as efficient phase shifters. Another is that low-Q mode HCG is utilized as ultra-lightweight mirror. With MEMS technology, small HCG displacement (~50 nm) leads to large phase change (~1.7π). Effective beam steering is achieved in Connie Chang-Hasnian’s group. On the other hand, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the system design for silicon-based optical phased array, including the star coupler, phased array, emission elements and far-field patterns. Further, the non-uniform optical phased array is presented.
A novel hollow-core (HW) Y-branch waveguide splitter based on high-contrast grating (HCG) is presented. We calculated and designed the HCG-HW splitter using Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA). Finite-different timedomain (FDTD) simulation shows that the splitter has a broad bandwidth and the branching loss is as low as 0.23 dB. Fabrication is accomplished with standard Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) process. The experimental measurement results indicate its good performance on beam splitting near the central wavelength λ = 1550 nm with a total insertion loss of 7.0 dB.
A challenge to the past, an optical phased array for far field beam steering with varied High-Contrast Grating (HCG)
waveguides is proposed. For one-dimensional beam steering, the laser light is split into N co-directional HCG
waveguides. Simulations and calculations shows slow light waveguide output tunable phase with varied HCG
dimensions or index. The far field beam steering effect is presented and will be seen clearly by add array element
gradually.
A scheme of applying high contrast grating hollow waveguide (HCG-HW) to optical phased array (OPA) as the
transmission waveguide and phase shifter is proposed. The phase shift with varied HCG-HW dimensions is deduced in a
theoretical approach and demonstrated by the simulation results. Beam steering in one direction is done by varying the
wavelength. A phase shift range of 18.7 rad and the beam angle shift to 12.62° with varied wavelengths are presented.
A multimode interference (MMI) polarization splitter with easy fabrication process was demonstrated
in Silicon-On-Insulator substrate. The minimum device size, 8 μm×1034 μm was designed by Quasistate
imaging effect theory. Numerical simulations show that this optimized MMI polarization splitter
has a good fabrication tolerance. The tolerance of width and length is ±0.04 μm and ± 10 μm for
transverse electric (TE) mode and ±0.14 μm and ±35 μm for transverse magnetic (TM) mode. The
bandwidths are 20 nm and 80 nm for TE and TM respectively. Experiment results exhibits a -15 dB
polarization extinction ratio bandwidth of 20 nm for the
through-path and much wider for the crosspath.
The extinction ratio and crosstalk achieve (-27.3 dB, -22.6 dB) for TE and (-26.6 dB, -23.9 dB)
for TM.
The wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) is considered to be a promising method to
overlay or upgrade the existing optical access network. A centralized WDM-PON in which the downstream wavelength
is reused to modulate the upstream has been studied comprehensively, for same wavelength operation of both
downstream and upstream, colorless operation and source-free of optical network units (ONU) can be realized in such
systems. We propose a scheme of centralized WDM-PON with non-return-to-zero/continuous-wave (NRZ/CW)
polarization multiplexed downstream and remodulated upstream using a CW injection-locked Fabry-Perot (FP) laser.
This scheme can eliminate the crosstalk of downstream data on the upstream and get higher extinction ratio of received
downstream signal. Experiment with 22.2km transmission of 10-Gb/s downstream signal and 622-Mb/s upstream signal
was realized using a commercial FP laser, with power penalties of 0.2dB and 0dB respectively. 2.5-Gb/s upstream signal
using an injection locked FP laser was also investigated, and 61 modes within 25.4nm span were locked with side-mode
suppression ratio of above 27dB.
KEYWORDS: Modulation, Radio over Fiber, Single sideband modulation, Phase shift keying, Signal generators, Semiconductor lasers, Single mode fibers, Networks, Heterodyning, Modulators
The seamless integration of broadband optical and wireless access networks is considered to be a promising solution for
next generation access networks which will provide high capacity and flexibility with lower cost. In such access
networks millimeter wave (mm-wave) radio over fiber (RoF) system is a key enabling technology due to its its large
bandwidth and short reach in atmosphere. In this paper, we will discuss some key technologies based on injection locked
lasers for mm-wave RoF systems, including all optical generation of mm-wave signal, up- and down-conversion, single
sideband modulation, and transmission.
Using the split-step Fourier method, the nonlinear effects and higher-order dispersion in optical fiber are studied and
numerically analyzed. Based on the analysis, the theoretical model of higher-order dispersion compensation with phased
modulator is presented, with emphasis on the third-order dispersion. According to the theoretical model, simulation
models based on VPItransmission is designed. Finally, experimental schemes are designed, and experiment is finished:
200-fs pulses propagate through a 47-km fiber link, including a 39.8-km SMF (single-mode fiber) and a 6.71-km DCF
(dispersion-compensation fiber). In that experiment, the oscillating tails are completely suppressed and the third-order
dispersion is successfully compensated with the phase modulator. Moreover, the parameters of modulator are optimized
with VPItransmission Modeling.
A 2×2 and a 1×4 fiber-type optical phased array with PZT phase shifters have been implemented. Fibers are adopted as
transmission paths and emitting antennas in the optical phased array system. By using the feedback optimization we had
proposed before, the inaccuracy of fiber length is overcome. By adjusting the phase shift of each PZT phase shifter
repeatedly according to the algorithm we had proposed for optimization, 1-D and 2-D beam forming and beam steering
in a short period of time have been observed respectively. Moreover, a 1×6 fiber array is also tried. Although the
interference is not stable enough, much narrower beams are achieved.
To control optical phased array by steering the wavelength of the light source, this paper presents the method using 2-D photonic crystal waveguides, which replace the conventional waveguides to guide and form the beam in the array. As a result, we present a 1-D optical phased array, whose optical beam can scan an angle from -40 degree to +40 degree with a SNR about 15 dB by a relative simple device in ±3 nm tuning at 1550 nm.
KEYWORDS: Extremely high frequency, Semiconductor lasers, Laser optics, Radio over Fiber, Signal processing, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Signal generators, Telecommunications, Electronics, Signal to noise ratio
We report the experimental and theoretical investigation of injection locking technique of the Fabry-Perot laser to generate the two-mode optical millimeter-wave signal. The relation of locking bandwidth, output light power, and the gain of signal-to-noise ratio versus the ratio of injection power and the mode building process of injection locking are measured and theoretically analyzed. The experimental results agree with the input and output power relationship obtained by multi-mode rate equation followed by injection term and the law of conversation of energy.
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