Imprint lithography is an effective and well-known technique for replication of nano-scale features. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) manufacturing equipment utilizes a patterning technology that involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. The technology faithfully reproduces patterns with a higher resolution and greater uniformity compared to those produced by photolithography equipment. Additionally, as this technology does not require an array of wide-diameter lenses and the expensive light sources necessary for advanced photolithography equipment, NIL equipment achieves a simpler, more compact design, allowing for multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity. Previous studies have demonstrated NIL resolution better than 10nm, making the technology suitable for the printing of several generations of critical memory levels with a single mask. In addition, resist is applied only where necessary, thereby eliminating material waste. Given that there are no complicated optics in the imprint system, the reduction in the cost of the tool, when combined with simple single level processing and zero waste leads to a cost model that is very compelling for semiconductor memory applications. Any new lithographic technology to be introduced into manufacturing must deliver either a performance advantage or a cost advantage. Key technical attributes include alignment, overlay and throughput. In previous papers, overlay and throughput results have been reported on test wafers. In this work, improvements to the alignment system, together with the High Order Distortion Correction (HODC) system have enabled better distortion and overlay results. On test wafers, XMMO of 3.2nm and 2.8nm in x and y respectively was demonstrated. There is also an opportunity to further improve results by applying wafer chucks with better flatness specifications. Further advances have also been made through the application of a multi-wavelength alignment strategy. Finally, we discuss how computational methods can enhance NIL productivity and reduce the number of learning cycles
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) techniques are known to possess replication resolution below 5nm. A specific form of imprint lithography using jetted resist has been developed for manufacturing advanced CMOS memory. Canon’s NIL process involves field-by-field inkjet deposition of a low viscosity resist fluid followed by imprinting with nano-scale precision overlay. A mask with a relief structure is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is separated from the substrate leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. The technology faithfully reproduces patterns with a higher resolution and greater uniformity compared to those produced by photolithography equipment. Additionally, as this technology does not require an array of wide-diameter lenses and the expensive light sources necessary for advanced photolithography equipment, NIL equipment achieves a simpler, more compact design, allowing for multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity. Previous studies have demonstrated NIL resolution better than 10nm, making the technology suitable for the printing of several generations of critical memory levels with a single mask. In addition, resist is applied only where necessary, thereby eliminating material waste. Given that there are no complicated optics in the imprint system, the reduction in the cost of the tool, when combined with simple single level processing and zero waste leads to a cost model that is very compelling for semiconductor memory applications. Any new lithographic technology to be introduced into manufacturing must deliver either a performance advantage or a cost advantage. Key technical attributes include alignment, overlay and throughput. In previous papers, overlay and throughput results have been reported on test wafers. In this work, improvements to the alignment system, together with the High Order Distortion Correction (HODC) system have enabled better distortion and overlay results on both test wafers and device wafers. The linear response of the HODC system was demonstrated for multiple high order terms and on test wafers, XMMO of 2.9nm and 3.2nm in x and y respectively was achieved. Additionally an SMO of 2.2nm and 2.4nm was achieved, with an opportunity to further improve results by applying wafer chucks with better flatness specifications.
Imprint lithography is an effective and well known technique for replication of nano-scale features. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) manufacturing equipment utilizes a patterning technology that involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. The technology faithfully reproduces patterns with a higher resolution and greater uniformity compared to those produced by photolithography equipment. Additionally, as this technology does not require an array of widediameter lenses and the expensive light sources necessary for advanced photolithography equipment, NIL equipment achieves a simpler, more compact design, allowing for multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity. Previous studies have demonstrated NIL resolution better than 10nm, making the technology suitable for the printing of several generations of critical memory levels with a single mask. In addition, resist is applied only where necessary, thereby eliminating material waste. Given that there are no complicated optics in the imprint system, the reduction in the cost of the tool, when combined with simple single level processing and zero waste leads to a cost model that is very compelling for semiconductor memory applications. Any new lithographic technology to be introduced into manufacturing must deliver either a performance advantage or a cost advantage. Key technical attributes include alignment, overlay and throughput. In previous papers, overlay and throughput results have been reported on test wafers. In this work, improvements to the alignment system, together with the High Order Distortion Correction (HODC) system have enabled better distortion and overlay results on both test wafers and device wafers. On test wafers, XMMO of 2.9nm and 3.2nm in x and y respectively was demonstrated. SMO of 2.2nm and 2.4nm was achieved, with an opportunity to further improve results by applying wafer chucks with better flatness specifications. Comparable results were also achieved on device wafers by applying a multi-wavelength alignment strategy and a feed forward strategy to realize align signal convergence within the allocated 0.60 second budget.
Nanoimprint lithography manufacturing equipment utilizes a patterning technology that involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. The technology faithfully reproduces patterns with a higher resolution and greater uniformity compared to those produced by photolithography equipment. Additionally, as this technology does not require an array of wide-diameter lenses and the expensive light sources necessary for advanced photolithography equipment, NIL equipment achieves a simpler, more compact design, allowing for multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity.
In this paper, we review the advancements in the wafer imprinting system. To address high volume manufacturing concerns, an FPA-1200NZ2C four-station cluster tool is used in order to meet throughput and cost of ownership requirements (CoO). Throughputs of up to 90 wafers per hour were achieved by applying a multi-field dispense method. Mask like of up to 81 lots, using a contact test mask were demonstrated. The status of the tool overlay is discussed. Application of a High Order Distortion Correction (HODC) system to the existing magnification actuator has enabled correction of high order distortion terms up to K30. A mix and match overlay of 3.4 nm has been demonstrated and a single machine overlay across the wafer was 2.5nm.
Nanoimprint lithography manufacturing equipment utilizes a patterning technology that involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. The technology faithfully reproduces patterns with a higher resolution and greater uniformity compared to those produced by photolithography equipment. Additionally, as this technology does not require an array of widediameter lenses and the expensive light sources necessary for advanced photolithography equipment, NIL equipment achieves a simpler, more compact design, allowing for multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity. In this paper, we review the advancements in both wafer imprinting and mask replication systems. To address high volume manufacturing concerns, an FPA-1200 NZ2C four station cluster tool is used in order to meet throughput and cost of ownership requirements (CoO). The status of the tool overlay is discussed. Application of a High Order Distortion Correction system to the existing magnification actuator has enabled correction of high order distortion terms up to K20. Because mask replication is required for nanoimprint lithography, improvements to the FPA-1100 NR2 mask replication system are reviewed. Criteria that are crucial to the success of a replication platform include both particle control and image placement (IP) accuracy. Data is presented on both of these subjects. Particle adders were studied over a nine month period. Additionally, with respect to image placement, an IP accuracy (after removing correctables) of 1.0nm in X, 1.1nm in Y has been demonstrated.
Imprint lithography has been shown to be a promising technique for replication of nano-scale features. Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography* (J-FIL*) involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate.
There are many criteria that determine whether a particular technology is ready for wafer manufacturing. Included on the list are overlay, throughput and defectivity. The most demanding devices now require overlay of better than 4nm, 3 sigma. Throughput for an imprint tool is generally targeted at 80 wafers per hour. Defectivity and mask life play a significant role relative to meeting the cost of ownership (CoO) requirements in the production of semiconductor devices.
The purpose of this paper is to report the status of throughput and defectivity work and to describe the progress made in addressing overlay for advanced devices. In order to address high order corrections, a high order distortion correction (HODC) system is introduced. The combination of applying magnification actuation to the mask, and temperature correction to the wafer is described in detail and examples are presented for the correction of K7, K11 and K17 distortions as well as distortions on actual device wafers.
Imprint lithography has been shown to be an effective technique for replication of nano-scale features. Jet and Flash* Imprint Lithography (J-FIL*) involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. Criteria specific to any lithographic process for the semiconductor industry include overlay, throughput and defectivity. The purpose of this paper is to describe the technology advancements made overlay, throughput and defectivity and to introduce the FPA-1200NZ2C cluster system designed for high volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. in the reduction of particle adders in an imprint tool and introduce the new mask replication tool that will enable the fabrication of replica masks with added residual image placement errors suitable for memory devices with half pitches smaller than 15nm. Overlay results better than 5nm 3sigma have been demonstrated. To further enhance overlay, wafer chucks with improved flatness have been implemented to reduce distortion at the wafer edge. To address higher order corrections, a two part solution is discussed. An array of piezo actuators can be applied to enable linear corrections. Additional reductions in distortion can then be addressed by the local heating of a wafer field. The NZ2C cluster platform for high volume manufacturing is also discussed. System development continues this year with a target for introduction later in 2016. The first application is likely to be NAND Flash memory, and eventual use for DRAM and logic devices as both overlay and defectivity improve.
A traditional method of reticle protection, using a pellicle, is thought to be difficult to apply to EUVL tool. There is a
possibility that some particles adhere to the surface of a reticle. In order to resolve this reticle issue, we are investigating
in-situ short-pulsed laser cleaning system. In order to confirm whether it can be applied to EUVL tool or not, we have to
verify experimentally that it is possible to remove particles in vacuum without any damage to a Mo/Si multilayer. In this
work, as a short-pulsed laser, a Q-switched YAG Laser (wavelength: 266~1064 nm, pulse duration time: ~7 ns) has been
used. As experimental results, at the pressure on the order of 10-3 Pa, around 100% removal rate to PSL (organic)
particles can be achieved without particular damage using a DUV laser. And also, it is found that a laser cleaning method
in vacuum is easier to remove particles on a surface than that in atmosphere and for SiO2 and Ni (inorganic) particles,
this method is particularly effective. This reason can be explained that the drag force exerted to a particle by the
surrounding gas molecules is neglected at the pressure on the order of 10-3 Pa because a gas is in free molecule regime.
Experimental studies on the characteristics of holographic lens were carried out, aiming at the simultaneous soldering of multi-spots in electronic assembly by the use of YAG laser. Holograms were recorded on the commercial available photographic plates, and converted into transparent phase type holographic lens by chemical processing. The dependencies of the diffraction efficiency on the recording conditions and two chemical treatment methods of silver halide sensitized gelatin and rehalogenating bleaching were examined in CW YAG laser system ((lambda) equals 1.06 micrometers ).
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.