In this study, we proposed and fabricated optical sensor module integrated onto optical-electrical printed circuit board (PCB) for gas detection based on polymer waveguide with tin oxide thin film. Their potential application as gas sensors are confirmed through computational simulation using the two dimensional finite-difference time-domain method (2DFDTD). Optical-electrical PCB was integrated into vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), photodiode and polymeric sensing device was fabricated by the nano-imprint lithography technique. SnO2 thin film of 100nm thickness was placed on the surface of core layer exposed by removing the specific area of the upper cladding layer of 300 μm length and 50 μm width. The performance of the device was measured experimentally. Initial study on the sensor performance for carbon monoxide gas detection indicated good sensitivity.
In this study, Graphene patterns using laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) with a visible CW laser (λ = 532 nm) irradiation at room temperature was investigated. Optically-pumped solid-state laser with a wavelength of 532 nm irradiates a thin nickel foil to induce a local temperature rise, thereby allowing the direct writing of graphene patterns about ~10 μm in width with high growth rate on precisely controlled positions. It is demonstrate that the fabrication of graphene patterns can be achieved with a single scan for each graphene pattern using LCVD with no annealing or preprocessing of the substrate. The scan speed reaches to about ~200 μm/s, which indicates that the graphene pattern with an unite area (10×10 μm) can be grown in 0.05 sec. The number of graphene layers was controlled by laser scan speed on a substrate. The fabricated graphene patterns on nickel foils were directly transferred to desired positions on patterned electrodes. The position-controlled transfer with rapid single-step fabrication of graphene patterns provides an innovative pathway for application of electrical circuits and devices.
KEYWORDS: Fiber lasers, Optical pumping, High power lasers, Fusion splicing, Reliability, Laser systems engineering, Structured optical fibers, Photonics, High power fiber lasers, Laser applications
Recently, the high power fiber laser has attracted much attention and the laser power combiner is one of the key components for power scaling in the high power laser system. Up to now, several methods have been exploited to develop the combiner and among them the tapered fusion bundling method becomes one of the most popular and reliable technology. In the conventional tapered fusion bundling method, the input fibers were bundled with the honeycomb configuration then fused tapered and spliced to the output fiber. In the method, however, the fiber ports configuration was constrained to certain values such as 3×1, 7×1, 19×1, and 35×1 to satisfy the compactness and reliability in the bundling procedure. In this study, we suggest a novel double bundling method to make combiners with the large flexibility in the fiber port configuration. In making the (14-18)×1 combiners, seven input fibers in the honeycomb stacking configuration was fused bundled and a single layer of secondary 7-11 fibers were stacked outside of the bundle and subsequently tapered and spliced to a output fiber. As a result, (14-18)×1 laser power combiners were made using 105/125 μm input fibers (0.15 NA) and a 200/220 μm output fiber (0.46 NA). In the bundling procedures a LPG torch was used and process parameters such as the gas flow and the tapering length/speed/frequency were optimized. The power transmission efficiency of the combiner was larger than 93% in all ports at the handling power of 100 W.
We propose and demonstrate a novel technique to generate a stable multiwavelength Raman fiber laser (RFL) based on an asymmetrical all-fiber Raman laser cavity by using a wideband chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). The wideband CFBG as an input reflector has a high reflectivity covering the spectral range from 1402 to 1463 nm. Output couplers are composed of three discrete fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which generate a multiwavelength laser with center wavelengths of 1415, 1430, and 1445 nm. The output power variations from detuning the center wavelengths of the in-out reflectors are compared experimentally and theoretically in symmetrical and asymmetrical cavities. It is shown that the RFL output with an asymmetric cavity is more stable than that of a symmetric cavity.
We studied the energy states in In0.8Ga0.2As SAQDs (self-assembled quantum dots) which depended on W(001) and
the misorientation angle of the substrate. Starting materials used in this study were SiO2-patterend exact and 5 degree -
off (001) GaAs substrates. In0.8Ga0.2As SAQDs had only ground state emissions for SiO2-patterned exact (001) GaAs
substrate, whereas those had ground and excited state emissions for SiO2-patterned 5 degree-off (001) GaAs substrate.
These results suggest that discrete nature of the density of states in SAQDs was improved by using SiO2-patterned
vicinal (001) GaAs substrate with higher misorientation angle of substrate.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by ion-assisted electron-beam deposition on glass at room
temperature and were annealed by rapid thermal annealing in O2 and N2 gas flow. TiO2 thin films annealed in N2 gas
flow are (110) rutile phase and (101) anatase phase, but in O2 gas flow are (110) rutile phase. The optical band gaps of
the TiO2 thin films are increased to 3.281 eV with annealing treatment of 300 ~ 500 °C in O2 gas flow and to 3.271 eV in
N2 gas flow. However, the band gap begins to decrease to 3.277 eV at the annealing temperature of 600 °C in O2 gas
flow and to 3.257 eV in N2 gas flow, respectively.
We proposed the grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (GC-SPR) sensors using ZnO and metallic nanograting
structures to enhance the sensitivity of an SPR sensor. The GC-SPR sensors were analyzed using the finitedifference
time-domain method. The optimum resonance angles of 49 and 55.5 degrees are obtained in the 150 nm wide
grating structure with a period of 300 nm for the ZnO thickness of 30 and 50 nm, respectively. Here, an enhanced
evanescent field is obtained due to the surface plasmon on the edge of the bandgap when the ZnO and metallic grating
structures are used to excite the surface plasmon.
We experimentally and theoretically demonstrated a novel technique to generate a stable multi-wavelength Raman fibre
laser (RFL) based on an asymmetrical all-fibre Raman laser cavity by using a broadband chirped fibre Bragg grating
(CFBG). The output power variations from detuning the center wavelength of in/out reflectors are studied with
symmetrical and asymmetrical RFL cavities. The RFL output with asymmetrical cavity is more stable than that of
symmetrical cavity.
A low-cost Raman fibre laser for multiple wavelengths at 14xx nm has been proposed and demonstrated. Using
asymmetric cavities, the Raman fibre laser provides flexible and easy complete solution of the desired multiple
wavelengths output.
Tunable OTDR based on self-locked RSOA for in-line monitoring of WDM-PON is proposed and demonstrated. The
characteristics of self-locked RSOA were experimentally studied. The tunable OTDR was successfully demonstrated for
a range of 25 nm, having a dynamic range of about 15 dB. Under in-service state of 2.5-Gb/s data, the power penalty
induced by the line monitoring channel was about 0.1 dB at BER of 10-9. The proposed tunable OTDR is cost-effective
and useful to monitor the status of WDM-PON.
The study of an optical wireless communication link using illumination light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been performed. The eye patterns and bit error ratio of LED transmitter are measured and compared according to the modulation frequency and the distance between optical source and receiver. From the experimental demonstration, it is shown that the optical wireless communication link using illumination LEDs can perform 20 Mb/s data transmission.
We report a three-wavelength Raman fiber laser (RFL) with the equal spaced wavelengths based on partially-degenerated four-wave mixing (PD-FWM) in a highly Ge-doped fiber. The FWM processes in cascaded RFLs reduce the threshold power and improve the slope efficiency for two configurations of three-wavelength RFLs. We show a comparison between two configurations of RFLs characterized by their slope efficiency and their threshold.
A monitoring technique for multiple power splitter-passive optical networks (PS-PON) is presented. The technique is based on the remote sensing of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) using a tunable OTDR. To monitor the multiple PS-PON, the FBG can be used for a wavelength dependent reflective reference on each branch end of the PS. The FBG helps discern an individual event of the multiple PS-PON for the monitoring in collaborate with information of Rayleigh backscattered power. The multiple PS-PON can be analyzed by the monitoring method at the central office under 10-Gbit/s in-service.
We present an upstream transmission method independent of temperature characteristics of the remote node (RN) in a WDM-PON. This method employs a self-injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (F-P LD) for upstream transmission in the optical network unit (ONU). Using this method, the sidemodes of the F-P LD are suppressed, and the F-P LD is matched to the center wavelength of the wavelength distributor/combiner placed at the RN. The experimental results confirm that bidirectional error-free transmission at 1.25/10 Gbit/s could be achieved.
A surveillance technique for passive optical networks (PON) is presented. The technique is based on the remote sensing of fiber Bragg grating using a tunable OTDR. Hybrid architecture of WDM and passive splitter-PON can be analyzed by the surveillance method at the central office under in-service state of PON.
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