KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Temperature distribution, Ozone, Chemical analysis, Atmospheric physics, Satellites, Air temperature, Ultraviolet radiation
The model of excited OH with constants corresponding to the published data was applied to retrieve nighttime distributions of О, Н, ОН, НО2, and the chemical heating rate at the altitudes of 80–100 km from the data of the SABER/TIMED measurements in 2021. The analysis revealed that the new parameters of the retrieval procedure result in significant changes in O, H, and the chemical heating rate, but not for the OH and HO2 distributions.
The work is devoted to investigate the aerosols influence on the parameters of thunderclouds. Numerical simulations of thunderstorms in Nizhny Novgorod region using the WRF-ARW model with parameterizations of microphysics with and without aerosols were compared. Also the modeling radar reflectivity was compared with the radar data. In line with the simulations of the change in CAPE the following features were detected: when aerosols are taken into account, the area occupied by a convective event increases, and the peak of convective activity shifts in time. Thus, consideration of aerosols in mesoscale modeling of atmospheric dynamics and electrification processes is important.
The paper considers the effects associated with the influence of aerosols on the electric parameters of thunderclouds on the example of several thunderstorms in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The studies of the features arising when aerosol particles are taken into account are carried out using numerical simulation of thunderstorms with the use of the WRFARW model, supplemented by the parameterization of the electric processes, with two parameterizations of microphysics, one of which describes only hydrometeors, and the other also takes into account the presence of aerosol particles. The calculation results showed that the presence of aerosol particles affects both the microphysical and electrical structure of thunderclouds. It was found that in all the considered cases, accounting for aerosols led to an increase in the duration and scale of the thunderstorm.
In this paper, we compared lightning activity over territories with different aerosol loads on the example of a megacity (Moscow), a metropolis (Nizhny Novgorod) and a sparsely populated area without large cities, but exposed to forest fires (central Siberia). The general patterns of thunderstorms during convective seasons, as well as the characteristic features of thunderstorms in each of the territories under consideration, are revealed. The analysis of the results of modeling the distributions of the electric potential for thunderstorms in the territories under consideration was carried out, which made it possible to identify differences in the electric parameters of thunderclouds for territories with different aerosol loads, which directly affect the occurrence of the electric discharges and lightning activity.
A new approach for taking into account the impact of turbulence on thunderstorm electrification using the numerical model WRF-ARW is presented. For this, a method for calculating the turbulent energy dissipation rate on the basis of the radar reflectivity distribution and characteristic values of the turbulent energy dissipation rate in various types of clouds is developed. The charging current is corrected by the value of the turbulent current component determined for the obtained turbulent energy dissipation rate. Thus, calculation of the electric parameters (electric potential and electric field) of thunderclouds is carried out taking into account the influence of turbulent mixing on thunderstorm electrification.
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