To reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) information perfectly, phase and amplitude of incident waves must be controlled simultaneously. However, since the conventional spatial light modulation techniques could control only one component of phase or amplitude, it has very low quality of reconstructed image of its noise. So, the bulky optical filter system is required. We propose novel pixel design for a complex light modulation that can overcome these limitations. This design is based on the principle of the complex value of each pixel by dividing it into three fixed phases and controllable amplitudes. It is implemented to combination of rotated rods and is modulated to a cross polarized component for an incident wave. It has a concept that each amplitude can be controlled by width or length of each rod. In this research, we present the characteristics of the complex spatial light modulation for the proposed metasurface structure by Fourier modal method (FMM) simulation based on the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and verify that the proposed design can control the complex light modulation on the higher-order diffraction component. Also, noise-free hologram is verified by the results of reconstructed diffraction patterns using wave optical based simulations to analyze the distribution of complex modulated waves in free space.
Many architectures of near eye display (NED) using a holographic optical element (HOE) come on the market. HOE has already been successfully industrialized due to its easy manufacturing process and small form factor. However, many studies are being conducted to solve degradation effect by the eye glow that the visibility of the user decreases occurred to external light. HOE is generally used as an element of NED for its good angular and wavelength selectivity characteristics. The parameters controlling those characteristics are the refractive index change and the thickness of HOE. Although the selectivity characteristics are optimized by regulating the two parameters, the eye glow occurs because the HOE reacts in parts other than the desired characteristics for sunlight and white light sources. For a fundamental reason, eye glow is further caused by a sudden refractive index change in boundary condition when incident into the HOE from the air. In this study, we figure out that the boundary condition changes continuously by apodization of the refractive index of HOE for eye glow reduction. Also, we calculate the angular and wavelength selectivity efficiency using scalar Fourier modal method (sFMM) based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) according to the thickness and refractive index change, and investigate the relationship between those parameters.
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