Accurate thermal monitoring is essential tool for photothermal therapy or for application light-responsive drug delivery platforms, because overheating of living cells is related with unwanted side effects in surrounding tissues. In this work, we investigated a multifunctional polymer capsule embedded with nitrogen vacancies (NV) centers as nanothermometers and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) as heating agents to perform of laser-induced release of bioactive compounds from the carriers with a simultaneous temperature measurements inside living cells.
The study of resonant dielectric nanostructures with a high refractive index is a new research direction in the nanoscale optics and metamaterial-inspired nanophotonics. Because of the unique optically induced electric and magnetic Mie resonances, high-index nanoscale structures are expected to complement or even replace different plasmonic components in a range of potential applications. We study a strong coupling between modes of a single subwavelength high-index dielectric resonator and analyze the mode transformation and Fano resonances when the resonator’s aspect ratio varies. We demonstrate that strong mode coupling results in resonances with high-quality factors, which are related to the physics of bound states in the continuum when the radiative losses are almost suppressed due to the Friedrich–Wintgen scenario of destructive interference. We explain the physics of these states in terms of multipole decomposition, and show that their appearance is accompanied by a drastic change in the far-field radiation pattern. We reveal a fundamental link between the formation of the high-quality resonances and peculiarities of the Fano parameter in the scattering cross-section spectra. Our theoretical findings are confirmed by microwave experiments for the scattering of high-index cylindrical resonators with a tunable aspect ratio. The proposed mechanism of the strong mode coupling in single subwavelength high-index resonators accompanied by resonances with high-quality factors helps to extend substantially functionalities of all-dielectric nanophotonics, which opens horizons for active and passive nanoscale metadevices.
Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond hold promise for ultra-precise magnetometery, competing with superconducting quantum interference device detectors. Sensor and metrology applications for situations involving high sensitivity require efficient manipulation of the nitrogen-vacancy color centers electronic spins within large volume. Thus, the design of microwave antennas providing a uniform and strong microwave magnetic field over a relatively large volume is on a high demand. In this paper we report different antenna designs based on low loss high permittivity dielectric materials for coherent manipulation of a large ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond. The operational principle of the proposed antennas is based on excitation of transverse electric (TE) or hybrid electromagnetic (HEM) modes of dielectric resonators. The first antenna design is based on TE01 mode excited inside the resonator made on a ceramic with permittivity of 80. The uniformity of the microwave magnetic field generated by the antenna was verified by measurement of the optically detected magnetic resonance and Rabi frequency in a high-density ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy color centers placed in the center bore of the antenna. Rabi frequency of 10 MHz in a volume of 7 cubic millimeters with a standard deviation of less than 1% at 5 W pump power has been measured at the room temperature. This is enough to coherently excite all color centers in commercially available diamond plates at room temperature. The second antenna design is based on HEM11δ mode excited in the ceramic resonator characterized by the permittivity of 235. The numerical simulations predict the Rabi frequency value of 34.85 MHz in a volume of 6 cubic millimeters with a standard deviation of less than 5% at 5 W pump power. The obtained result paves the way to improve the sensitivity of cutting-edge nitrogen-vacancy color centers based magnetometers by several orders of magnitude, practically reaching superconducting quantum interference device detectors level of sensitivity.
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