This report presents a review of recent developments in the investigation of propagation, excitation, and interaction of
cladding modes in optical fibers used for sensing. The use of fiber cladding modes broadens the range of possible
applications of fiber optical sensors. The cladding mode resonance excited by fiber Bragg gratings, in particular tilted
Bragg gratings, is discussed. The most commonly used method of excitation of cladding modes based on long-period
fiber gratings is considered. We describe applications of long-period fiber gratings as sensors of strain, temperature,
refractive index, chemical composition, twist, etc. Propagation of cladding modes in fiber interferometers and cascaded
long-period fiber gratings is analyzed.
A long-period grating written in the SMF-28 fiber was heat treated at 1000 °C for 15 days. The spectrum of the grating
shifted to longer wavelengths and the amplitude of the cladding mode resonances decreased as a result of structural
relaxation. The background loss increased considerably for time longer than 200 h, and this loss is caused by
devitrification of the fiber.
The uniaxial optical activity induced by constant magnetic field in hemoglobin solutions is theoretically analyzed for
various hemoglobin conformations and orientations of magnetic field. A rotatory power function for the description of
molecular optical activity is proposed. The rotatory power for hemoglobin is calculated as a function of frequency of
incident light and its direction in relation to the molecular axes.
Effective properties of plane stratified bianisotropic structures are found on the basis of 4x4 matrix method without restriction on the ratio of the period of structure and the wavelength of incident radiation. The effective permittivity, magnetic permeability and magnetoelectric dyadics are obtained for isotropic two-layer and anisotropic helicoidal structures in resonant case.
Reflection and transmission of light are considered in stratified anisotropic structures in which layers interact in incoherent regime with light. In general case of a multilayer structure reflection and transmission matrices are obtained for arbitrary angle of incidence. The dependence of optical characteristics of the structure on its parameters are analyzed in the specific case of a chiral layer.
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