This conference presentation was prepared for the Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication XIII conference at SPIE Smart Structures + Nondestructive Evaluation, 2023.
Many physico-chemical properties shown by natural materials usually have their origin in a multi-scale, hierarchical structure based on a rather small selection of primary constituents. In fact, materials with wholly different properties are found in biological species just by spatially arranging their constituents at different length scales and in different ways.
Within this context, the surface of stainless steel and titanium alloys was textured at the micro- and nano-scales aiming at using a hierarchical biomimetic approach to control cell attachment, proliferation, and migration. This approach has been followed based on the tremendous influence of the surface properties of biomaterials on the specific biological response of the surrounding tissues. In this regard, the precise control of the interaction between cells and the surface of materials allows tailoring and optimizing the performance of implants and prostheses integrated into the body.
Different micro- and nano-structured surfaces were fabricated by femtosecond (fs) laser processing taking advantage of the fact that fs Laser Induced Periodical Surface Structures (LIPSS) nanopatterns are generated perpendicular to the laser beam polarization and therefore their orientation can be controlled. Various micro-/nano-pattern distributions and combinations were evaluated aiming at determining their influence in the cell culture viability, cell migration through the lines, and cell morphology.
ZnO thin film on alumina has been deposited by RF sputtering and processed by two dimensional direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) using a nanosecond laser (λ=355nm). The thermodynamic and structural properties have been investigated.
Morphological characterization has shown a line-pattern structure with small alterations depending on the fluence of the laser (85 mJ/cm2 or 165 mJ/cm2). In order to understand these modifications, a simulation has been carried out to model the transient temperature during the DLIP to study the temperature reached by the ZnO surface for the different fluences. Moreover, a comparison with a non-interference energy distribution pulse is also simulated to corroborate the model.
For samples processed by DLIP, a thermal annealing effect has been noticed when temperatures at the surface are between 1000K and 1800K. Due to the slow cooling process, a possible recrystallization of the material similar to a thermal treatment is obtained. For temperatures close or higher than 1800K, the material starts to ablate.
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