We have observed that the temperature of the electrons drifting under a relatively-high electric field in an
AlN/GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistor is significantly higher than the lattice temperature (i.e. the
hot electrons are generated). These hot electrons are produced through the Fröhlich interaction between the
drifting electrons and long-lived longitudinal-optical phonons. By fitting electric field vs. electron
temperature deduced from the measurements of photoluminescence spectra to a theoretical model, we have
deduced the longitudinal-optical-phonon emission time for each electron is to be on the order of 100 fs. This
value is consistent with the value measured previously from Raman scattering.
KEYWORDS: Digital micromirror devices, Optical fibers, Optical amplifiers, Dispersion, Tolerancing, Scanning probe microscopy, Signal to noise ratio, Distortion, Scattering, High power fiber amplifiers
The evolving technology of high-order-mode dispersion management is discussed. Selected high-order modes of specially designed fibers can have high dispersion ofa few hundreds psec/nm*km, controlled dispersion-slope in the range of 1.5 to 10 psec/nm2*km, and large effective area of6O to 8Ojim2. Thus, the technology enables the construction of dispersion management devices with low-loss, accurate broadband dispersion compensation for a variety of transmission fibers, and low sensitivity to non-linear effects. Compared to standard fundamental-mode-based devices, the high-order-mode-based devices may have as much as 6 dB advantage in insertion loss and 6 to 13 dB advantage in power tolerance to non-linear effects. Specific high power tests show a 13 dB higher threshold to stimulated Brillouin scattering and 6 to 10 dB advantage in sensitivity to self-phase modulation. Line amplifiers designed and built around these high-order-mode devices may have an advantage of I dB or more in Noise Figure, thereby enabling significantly longer reach ofoptical links.
The following paper analyzes a dispersion management technique for improved transmission fiber performance using high-order mode optical physics technology. Test results indicate that high-order mode technology precisely manages chromatic dispersion to enable high-capacity, long-haul and ultra long-haul optical networks.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.