Mode conversion at the output of a higher-order mode fiber amplifier is proposed and demonstrated with an axicon for the first time. M2 of 1.25 is achieved for 82% conversion efficiency.
Fiber designs are proposed that allow distributed wavelength filtering far more selective than conventional designs, and which is consistent with conventional fiber fabrication. By including a gradient that pre-compensates the bend perturbation in the cladding, the proposed designs overcome the usual tradeoff between mode area and wavelength selectivity. Simulations shows that the resulting fiber performance enables delivery of multi-kW signals over long distances with modest net Raman gain, using bend-resistant fibers of convenient core size.
Improvements to a ground-based 40W 1.55 micron uplink transmitter for the Lunar Laser Communications
Demonstration (LLCD) are described. The transmitter utilizes four 10 W spatial-diversity channels to broadcast 19.4 -
38.9 Mbit/s rates using a variable-duty cycle 4-ary pulse position modulation. At the lowest rate, with a 32-to-1 duty
cycle, this leads to 320 W peak power per transmitter channel. This paper discusses a simplification of the transmitter
that uses super-large-area single mode fiber and polarization control to mitigate high peak power nonlinear impairments.
This paper discusses the transverse acoustic index design of Yb-doped large mode area (LMA) LP01 optical fibers that
provide ~10 dB of SBS threshold suppression relative to conventional LMA fibers with homogeneous elastic properties and
equivalent optical effective areas Aeff. SBS suppression is achieved with a ramp-like negative acoustic lens structure that refracts the
electrostrictive density fluctuations away from the optical mode thereby reducing the acousto-optic interaction that generates the
stimulated light scattering. The fundamentals of the SBS process and its mitigation are briefly reviewed. Two figures-of-merit
(FsOM) are identified to quantify the SBS suppression capability; the SBS reflectivity RSBS and the SBS threshold power Pth. An
initial design of an SBS suppressing Yb-doped double clad fiber is incorporated in the power amplifier stage of a 200 W cw singlefrequency
(SF) four stage master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA). The MOPA is also exercised as a pulsed amplifier and is
utilized to measure the SBS reflectivities and thresholds in passive (i.e. un-pumped) fibers with ~100 ns pulses exhibiting peak powers
up to ~250 W. In separate experiments, the SBS suppressing fibers are incorporated into the final stage of the pulsed four stage
MOPA and the SBS reflectivities of the active gain fibers are measured. Pulsed SF MOPAs with peak pulsed power outputs ~900 W
are demonstrated and confirm the kilowatt SF performance capability of these SBS suppressing fibers.
Jinkee Kim, David Peckham, Alan McCurdy, John Fini, Peter Borel, Kariofilis Konstadinidis, Peter Weimann, Richard Norris, Fengqing Wu, Robert Lingle, David Mazzarese, John George, Andrew Oliviero
As deployment of fiber to the home (FTTH) within multiple dwelling units (MDUs) is growing, more technicians will be
involved in the deployment of optical drop cables, and there is a desire to use craft and practice similar to what is used
for copper cables. We introduce a solid bend insensitive fiber in this application that is backwards compatible to G.652D
fiber, and has macrobending, splice loss and system performance to meet the very demanding conditions of these
applications. A closer look at the demands of this environment has made it necessary to re-evaluate reliability in these
critical applications. We apply the Power Law Model to predict reliability in these demanding applications, and provide
experimental evaluation of the model through testing on optical fibers and cables. It will be shown that bends and tension
need to be considered together when evaluating the reliability of the passive optical plant.
We present the first direct measurements of enhanced nonlinearities in large-mode-area fibers due to
bend induced reductions in effective area. Both Raman scattering and self-phase modulation are
observed to increase in tightly coiled fibers. The measured increase in nonlinearity compares well with
predictions from simulations of the modal effective area.
11.2 dB suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an Yb-doped, Al/Ge
co-doped large mode area (LMA) gain fiber is demonstrated with a ramp-like acoustic index
profile exhibiting an acoustic index contrast of 0.09 and acoustic index slope of 0.01/μm.
As fibers with ever increasing mode area are used to enable high power fiber amplifiers and lasers, it important
to use realistic models of bending in fiber design. The standard approach is to consider only the bend-induced
losses and mode-coupling when designing an amplifier, even though changes in mode shape are well known in
principle. But even coiling a fiber to fit into a reasonable package size produces large bend-induced distortion for
fibers with large mode area. Here, several recent results are reviewed. Distortion significantly impacts amplifier
performance by reducing the area, and can further degrade the interaction of light with the gain. Scaling rules
for the distortion are derived from an intuitive sensitivity model. Bend distortion considerations lead to new
strategies for large mode area fiber design, and cast existing strategies in a new light.
Noise can limit the power in a fiber amplifier by competing with the signal for gain. Disributed filtering offers a
way of overcoming current high-power limitations by selectively removing noise before it is amplified. Resonant
mode suppression is a flexible strategy for wavelength filtering as well as suppression of unwanted transverse
modes. An Yb-doped gain fiber with distributed filtering of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) was demonstrated
in a cladding-pumped amplifier. Substantial suppression of SRS was demonstrated in this fiber, with a
core and resonant Ge-doped ring made using standard solid-fiber fabrication. Simulations explore generalizations
to large-mode-area and filters with multiple band-stop features.
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