The Dammann Grating (DG), a binary phase grating, efficiently divides incident light into equal-intensity sub-beams, making it ideal for beam splitting applications. In this research, an array-pumped, microchip Nd:YVO4 laser was explored by incorporating a DG into the collimation part of the pump optical path, to obtain single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) and multi-beam output at 1064 nm. As a result, 2×2 arrayed output of the laser was obtained with a total output power of 558.0 mW at 1.86-W pump power, exhibiting a slope efficiency of 36.3%, offering distinct advantages in SLM operation due to its thermal management capabilities in homogenizing thermal gradients and thus resulting in highpower operation with high beam quality. Except for the 2×2 array pumping, high-power SLM operation also can be expected by applying higher-order array pumping.
Lateral Shearing Interferometer (LSI), as a kind of self-interference technology, can achieve high-precision wavefront sensing and phase imaging. Quadriwave Lateral Shearing Interferometry (QWLSI) divides the wavefront into four transverse dislocated beams by a checkerboard phase grating. The lateral-shearing interferogram of the four waves occurs on the image plane, and then the test wavefront is reconstructed. The reconstruction precision is determined by the shear ratio, thus the variable shear ratio can meet the requirement of the different measurement accuracy. Here we proposed variable-ratio lateral-shearing interferometry with a vortex-splitting grating. Different from the checkerboard grating, topological charge is first encoded into grating and is then optimized to obtain two shear ratios in the same interference setup. The proposed variable-ratio lateral-shearing setup including of only an axial motion device is robust, effective and variable precision for wavefront sensing.
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