The bundengan is an endangered musical instrument from Indonesia. To support its conservation, a non-contact method is needed to characterize the shape of its resonator. Here we report a low-cost and portable setup, which uses only one camera and one grid ruler, that allows for quantitative imaging of the resonator's shape directly in the remote rural areas where the musical instrument can be found. To perform the measurement, the bundengan needs to be positioned such that the camera can see the whole grid of its woven bamboo lattice. Two digital images are then taken from two different positions. Using a mathematical model of the setup, we determine the three-dimensional positions of all the points in the bamboo grid. These points are then used to estimate the resonator's shape. With this setup, we have been able to characterize the resonator's shape from one bundengan.
The phenomenon of colored shadows were first published by Goethe in 1810. These colored shadows can be displayed stereoscopically through a pair of colored glasses. Furthermore, the stereoscopic shadow images can also be used to perform optical measurements. We present the principles of the measurements, particularly for measuring the threedimensional position of an object. The limits of the measurement method, in terms of its sensitivity, resolution, and sources of errors, are described. When the size of the measured object becomes comparable with the light wavelength, and when the light intensity becomes smaller and the photon nature of the light needs to be taken into account, the geometrical analysis of the measurement method needs to be replaced first with the wave analysis and then with the photon analysis. Our measurement of position can be extended into measurements of displacement, velocity, acceleration, shape, and orientation.
We present the development of stereoscopic shadow microscopy, which is arguably the most simple 3D microscopy because it is lens-free and it only needs a pair of coloured shadow images. Two spectrally-modulated light sources illuminate the object and cast two sets of coloured shadow images directly on an array of digital pixel sensors. The magnified 3D image of the object can be stereoscopically visualized simply by using a digital screen and a pair of spectrally-modulated glasses. Our analytical model shows that the optimal position of the object is governed by both the positions and the dimensions of the light sources.
Digital web cameras (popularly known as webcams) have recently gained a significant increase of relevance in the field of optical microscopy, in particular to allow for quick and do-it-yourself methods in developing low-cost and portable microscopes suitable for life sciences and engineering applications in low-resource areas. Unfortunately, these methods were published without any systematic explanation and quantitative assessment of the imaging performances. We reproduce these do-it-yourself methods, discuss the optical considerations that are relevant for them, and quantitatively compare their imaging performances to a commercial digital microscope in order to clarify both the advantages and disadvantages of the webcam-based microscopes.
We report on the progress of a novel nanofluidic device for detecting and manipulating single molecules in solution. This paper discusses the development of an earlier proposed molecule separation method, where electrokinetic forces separate different molecules based on their masses and charges. Optical imaging using confocal microscopy is applied to perform the detection of the single molecules. Potential applications of this device will be assessed. This research aims for the high spatial and spectral resolutions, both in manipulation and detection, which can lead to molecular identification.
We present the latest progress on a novel technology for detecting and manipulating solution of single molecules in nanofluidic channels. This paper explains the design and fabrication of nanofluidic chip and its interface, molecule manipulation technique being used, and the optical detection method employed. Single molecule detections are performed using optical imaging as well as metal microelectrodes. The ultimate goal is to get high spatial and spectral resolutions that can lead to molecular identification.
We report on the progress of the development of a three-wavelength light source for an earlier published absolute, two point source interferometer to measure absolute optical path differences (OPD) with angstrom accuracy over the range of millimeters. The light source system should produce three different wavelengths between 630nm and 640nm simultaneously, providing two synthetic wavelengths that enable the absolute OPD measurement. Due to requirements of the detection system, the frequencies of two of these lasers have to be stabilized with an accuracy of the order of 10-7, while the third laser is stabilized to better than 10-8. For the former, tuneable external cavity diode lasers are used, whereas the latter is a commercial frequency stabilized HeNe laser. Two different locking schemes and their relative merits are evaluated: Molecular absorption locking, guaranteeing long-term stability, versus Fabry Perot locking, with the flexibility of choice of the desired frequencies. Recent measurement results for both locking schemes are presented.
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