Dr. Frank Nürnberg Profile

Dr. Frank Nürnberg

Global Head of Sales Optics at Heraeus Quarzglas GmbH

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Publications (6)

Proceedings Article | 18 December 2024 Presentation + Paper

High LIDT with quasi-bubble free fused silica for better performing laser based nuclear fusion systems

Wolfgang Schlichting, Bodo Kühn, Mark Altwein, Frank Nürnberg, Eduard Klett

Proceedings Volume 13190, 131900D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3032696

KEYWORDS: Bubbles, Silica, Laser welding, Standards development, Optical components, Glasses, Laser damage threshold, Laser systems engineering, Laser induced damage, Homogenization

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Optimized fused silica used in new astronomical applications

Wolfgang Schlichting, Bodo Kühn, Frank Nürnberg

Proceedings Volume 12188, 1218803 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628706

KEYWORDS: Silica, Ultraviolet radiation, Astronomy, Absorption, Near infrared, Glasses, Space operations, Spectrographs, Observatories, Telescopes, Solar radiation

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 2021 Presentation + Paper

Bulk LIDT variances of fused silica: a material developer's perspective

F. Nürnberg, B. Kühn

Proceedings Volume 11910, 119100R (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599501

KEYWORDS: Silica, Standards development, Laser induced damage, Fusion energy, Laser damage threshold, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 6 December 2016 Open Access

Metrology of fused silica

F. Nürnberg, B. Kühn, K. Rollmann

Proceedings Volume 10014, 100140F (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2242487

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Quartz, Glasses, Silica, Absorption, Crystals, Refractive index, Silicon, Lamps, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2016 Paper

Fused silica challenges in sensitive space applications

Josephine Criddle, Frank Nürnberg, Robert Sawyer, Peter Bauer, Andreas Langner, Gerhard Schötz

Proceedings Volume 9912, 99120K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231661

KEYWORDS: Silica, Spectroscopy, Astronomy, Optical fibers, Mirrors, Telescopes, Visible radiation, LIGO, Space telescopes, Reflectors

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Proceedings Article | 23 November 2015 Paper

Bulk damage and absorption in fused silica due to high-power laser applications

F. Nürnberg, B. Kühn, A. Langner, M. Altwein, G. Schötz, R. Takke, S. Thomas, J. Vydra

Proceedings Volume 9632, 96321R (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194289

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Silica, Energy, Optical components, Deep ultraviolet, Ultraviolet radiation, Laser welding, Infrared radiation, Laser applications, Laser optics, Optical fibers, Fiber lasers, Refractive index, Photons, Silicon, Signal attenuation, High power lasers

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Laser fusion projects are heading for IR optics with high broadband transmission, high shock and temperature resistance, long laser durability, and best purity. For this application, fused silica is an excellent choice. The energy density threshold on IR laser optics is mainly influenced by the purity and homogeneity of the fused silica. The absorption behavior regarding the hydroxyl content was studied for various synthetic fused silica grades. The main absorption influenced by OH vibrational excitation leads to different IR attenuations for OH-rich and low-OH fused silica.

Industrial laser systems aim for the maximum energy extraction possible. Heraeus Quarzglas developed an Yb-doped fused silica fiber to support this growing market. But the performance of laser welding and cutting systems is fundamentally limited by beam quality and stability of focus. Since absorption in the optical components of optical systems has a detrimental effect on the laser focus shift, the beam energy loss and the resulting heating has to be minimized both in the bulk materials and at the coated surfaces. In collaboration with a laser research institute, an optical finisher and end users, photo thermal absorption measurements on coated samples of different fused silica grades were performed to investigate the influence of basic material properties on the absorption level.

High purity, synthetic fused silica is as well the material of choice for optical components designed for DUV applications (wavelength range 160 nm - 260 nm). For higher light intensities, e.g. provided by Excimer lasers, UV photons may generate defect centers that effect the optical properties during usage, resulting in an aging of the optical components (UV radiation damage). Powerful Excimer lasers require optical materials that can withstand photon energy close to the band gap and the high intensity of the short pulse length. The UV transmission loss is restricted to the DUV wavelength range below 300 nm and consists of three different absorption bands centered at 165 nm (peroxy radicals), 215 nm (E’-center), and 265 nm (non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOH)), which change the transmission behavior of material.

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