We are developing quantitative radiomic biomarkers for treatment response assessment of multiple myeloma (MM) in MRI. In our previous study, we have developed a 3D dynamic intensity entropy transformation (DIET) method with MRI for deriving a radiomic biomarker for differentiating responders from non-responders in treatment of MM. DIET transforms MR signal voxel by voxel to a quantitative entropy enhancement value (qEEV), from which predictor variables are extracted and combined into a qEEV-based response index (qERI) for quantitative assessment of treatment response. We developed the qERI in a previous retrospective data set of 64 MRI cases. This study evaluated the performance of the qERI-based MRI biomarker using an independent test set of 15 MRI cases collected from an ongoing prospective study, in which 10 and 5 patients were clinically diagnosed as responders and non-responders. The results showed that the agreement between the qERI prediction and the clinical outcome reached 0.80 with a kappa value of 0.57. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) achieved 0.78.
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