This year’s competition proposed to survey the damage resistance of near-IR high reflectors designed for continuous-wave (CW) laser applications. The requirements for the coatings were a minimum reflection of 99.5% at normal incidence for 1077-nm light. The participants in this effort selected the coating materials, coating design, and deposition method. Samples were damage tested at a single testing facility using a kW fiber laser source capable of delivering up to 10 MW/cm2 peak irradiance on target. A double blind test assured sample and submitter anonymity. The damage performance results, sample rankings, details of the deposition processes, coating materials and substrate cleaning methods are shared. We found that multilayer coatings using tantala or hafnia as high index materials were top performers under CW laser exposure within several coating deposition groups. Namely, dense coatings by ion-beam sputtering (IBS), plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and magnetron sputtering (MS) exhibited the lowest absorption & temperature rise upon CW laser irradiation without damage onset up to the maximum power density level available in this study.
A study of the continuous wave (CW) laser induced damage threshold (LiDT) of fused silica and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) optics was conducted to further illustrate the enhanced survivability within high power laser systems of an anti-reflection (AR) treatment consisting of randomly distributed surface relief nanostructures (RAR). A series of three CW LiDT tests using the 1070nm wavelength, 16 KW fiber laser test bed at Penn State Electro-Optic Center (PSEOC) were designed and completed, with improvements in the testing protocol, areal coverage, and maximum exposure intensities implemented between test cycles. Initial results for accumulated power, stationary site exposures of RAR nano-textured optics showed no damage and low surface temperatures similar to the control optics with no AR treatment. In contrast, optics with thin-film AR coatings showed high surface temperatures consistent with absorption by the film layers. Surface discriminating absorption measurements made using the Photothermal Common-path Interferometry (PCI) method, showed zero added surface absorption for the RAR nanotextured optics, and absorption levels in the 2-5 part per million range for thin-film AR coated optics. In addition, the surface absorption of thin-film AR coatings was also found to have localized absorption spikes that are likely pre-cursors for damage. Subsequent CW LiDT testing protocol included raster scanning an increased intensity focused beam over the test optic surface where it was found that thin-film AR coated optics damaged at intensities in the 2 to 5 MW/cm2 range with surface temperatures over 250C during the long-duration exposures. Significantly, none of the 10 RAR nano-textured fused silica optics tested could be damaged up to the maximum system intensity of 15.5 MW/cm2, and surface temperatures remained low. YAG optics tested during the final cycle exhibited a similar result with RAR nano-textured surfaces surviving intensities over 3 times higher than thin-film AR coated surfaces. This result was correlated with PCI measurements that also show zero-added surface absorption for the RAR nano-textured YAG optics.
A compact micro-oscillator incorporating a dual-bounce, grazing incidence gain module with a folded resonator cavity is
presented. The gain module, previously developed for Nd:YVO4, is embodied in highly doped ceramic Nd:YAG to
generate improved Q-switch performance while maintaining localized pump absorption. The cavity design utilizes a
doubly folded optics path around the gain crystal to increase the intra-cavity mode for a more optimum overlap with the
pump light volume produced by standard lensed laser diode bars. A modified CS-package diode mount is developed to
facilitate the reduced size of the oscillator without sacrificing the ability to use a high-energy, side-pumping
arrangement. The oscillator is combined with a high gain, high energy extraction VHGM amplifier to generate a
transmitter source on the order of 50 mJ. Cooling for both the oscillator and amplifier modules is provided via a
conductive path through the base of the package. Both devices are mounted on opposite sides of a phase-change cooling
reservoir to enable self-contained, burst-mode operation. Beam shaping of the oscillator output, in preparation for
injection into the amplifier, is contained in a small cut-away path on the reservoir side.
Lasers can uniquely be used to create physical changes inside a bulk material. Traditional manufacturing
processes are limited to surface modifications, but a laser can be focused at any location inside a material transparent to
that wavelength. Using sub surface machining methods with ultrashort pulse lasers two practical applications are
demonstrated. First, a laser is used to sever short-circuited wires embedded deep inside a thick piece of glass, effectively
repairing a defective wire network. Second, subsurface bar-coding was shown to produce readable markings. Surface
laser markings were shown to weaken the glass, but subsurface marking had virtually no effect on strength.
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