The vegetation eco-environment is one of the import constituent elements for the human eco-environment. This article
assesses the vegetation ecol-environment quality(VEQ) over part of the Qingjiang region by using TM remote sensing
image and principal component analysis (PCA) method. There are various geographical and ecological features having
effect on eco-environment of Qingjiang region, Hubei province. The paper gives an evaluation index system of VEQ by
analyzing regional geographical and ecological features, which are composed of 5 factors on vegetation cover, topography & geomorphology, moisture, land cover and hydrothermal regime. These factors are extracted from the
TM remote sensed data. The PCA method is used to calculate the weight of every index. Based on these indices, an
integrated evaluation model of eco-environment quality is built. With the model, the study region is evaluated and
divided into five VEQ evaluation classified ranks. It is concluded that the VEQ in our study region is good as a whole
and the leading VEQ rank is II and III have occupied the proportion of 76.09%.
KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems, Raster graphics, Zoom lenses, Databases, Data storage, Web services, System on a chip, Analytical research, Logic, Lithium
The Web based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are applied widely, and most of them are facing the challenge of
performance deterioration when have large capacity data and the demand of interactive application within web page. In
this paper, a system named Foshan city Police GIS (PGIS) has been constructed based on ArcServer (published by ESRI
company) to satisfy the demand of performance and expansibility of the large scale Web GIS, and some main aspects
which affect Web GIS's performance have been tested, including layer's amount, raster data's compress, pyramidal
storage plan, database optimization, disk array, and cache plan. With the analysis of the tests, we can form strategies to
satisfy different environments and demands.
KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems, Data modeling, Dynamical systems, Systems modeling, Data conversion, Analytical research, Mathematical modeling, Complex systems, Data storage, Data communications
Urban evolution model is an assistant analysis method for urban planning which can effectively trace the urban
development process of the past and predict the possible evolution scenarios in the future. This paper proposed urban
spatial system dynamic model (USSD model) by coupling strategy between Geographic Information System (GIS) and
urban System Dynamic (SD). GIS can deal with the static spatial relationships while SD can deal with the dynamic
relationships of complex spatial system. This new urban expansion model can predict the expansion scenarios in the
future according to tracing the urban development of the past. It considered the spatial relationships among urban system
elements as well as the dynamic links and interactions among the spatial elements over time. It is achieved through a
dynamic data exchange between GIS and SD. Firstly we analyzed urban system by using five subsystems: population,
resources, transportation, land usage and soil erosion. Secondly, we have developed USSD model based on dynamic
links among the subsystems. Thirdly, we have created five layers in GIS and operated them in the USSD model. Finally,
a case study illustrated the USSD model in Wuhan city. It is concluded that the USSD model is an efficient tool for
forecasting the urban expansion with its advantages on dealing with the spatio-temporal problem.
In this paper, we introduced information hiding technique into remote sensing area, proposed its characters, requirements
and difference from general information hiding technique and illuminated that general image hiding algorithm doesn't
adapt to remote sensing image. There often exists some secret annotation related to a remote sensing image, therefore we
proposed a new secret spatial information hiding technique for remote sensing image, which realizes to hide the secret
spatial annotation into the related remote sensing image. And we also proposed a wavelet information hiding algorithm
adapting to features of a remote sensing image based on DWT embedding strategy and HVS character. The experimental
results show that the secret spatial information hiding technique and algorithm for a remote sensing image proposed in
the paper not only has the advantages of good transparency, strongness, large information capacity and correct extraction
of secret, but also has a strong robustness against JPEG lossy compression and noise adding. Furthermore the novel
spatial information hiding technique and algorithm has no influence on applied value of a remote sensing image and
doesn't need the original remote sensing image while extracting the secret spatial information, namely it is a blind
algorithm.
Airport detection is one of the most important research topics in the remote sensing application field. In the field,
majority of airport detection methods are designed based on different single resolution optical remote sensing images.
However, because of the RS data's limitation and algorithms' shortages, these methods are not likely to have a perfect
performance; inaccuracy and inefficiency are the two main drawbacks. In recent years, while much research of airport
recognition has been done on single resolution images, less work has been tried to study on multi-resolution and multi-spectrum
images together. Nevertheless, after many experiences, the latter method is proved available and attemptable in
our research. Based on the different characteristics of multi-resolution and multi-spectrum images, we try to design a
synthetical model which includes algorithms of structure feature analysis and spectral analysis. In the model, different
advantages of images and methods are combined to reduce influence of each other's limitations. Finally, an airport-detection
system is implemented based on the synthesis method.
This paper focuses on the designment and implementation of the synthesis model, enrich the research of airport
recognition and solve many problems. Section 1 provides an overview of the synthesis model. Section 2 discusses the
core algorithms of the method in detail. Section 3 demonstrates airport detention system and Section 4 concludes the
paper.
With the economic development in the irrigation districts, water use conflicts have become more and more urgent,
especially in the arid and semi-arid region. Water allocation of large-scale irrigation is a complex problem which should
be economically efficient and environmentally considerable as well as socially fair, and has received considerable
attention these years. However, these objectives are in conflict with one another in their spatial locations. The integration
of spatial multi-objective analysis with GIS has a good potential in solving the spatial multi-objective problems. In this
study, a spatial framework was formulated to integrate various spatial data and attribute data, based on which, water
allocation model was developed according to the water system's characteristics and finally a user interface was
developed to couple models and GIS.
The resource planning and scheduling technology of payload is a key technology to realize an automated control for
earth observing satellite with limited resources on satellite, which is implemented to arrange the works states of various
payloads to carry out missions by optimizing the scheme of the resources. The scheduling task is a difficult constraint
optimization problem with various and mutative requests and constraints. Based on the analysis of the satellite's
functions and the payload's resource constraints, a proactive planning and scheduling strategy based on the availability
of consumable and replenishable resources in time-order is introduced along with dividing the planning and scheduling
period to several pieces. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to address the problem with an adaptive
mutation operator selection, where the swarm is divided into groups with different probabilities to employ various
mutation operators viz., differential evolution, Gaussian and random mutation operators. The probabilities are adjusted
adaptively by comparing the effectiveness of the groups to select a proper operator. The simulation results have shown
the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
Vegetation cover is an important component and the best indication to the region ecological environment. The paper
adopts a new method of integrating remote sensing technology and composite index appraisal model based multiple
linear regression for quantitatively evaluating the regional vegetation ecological environment quality(VEEQ). This
method is different to the traditional ecological environment research methods. It fully utilizes the advantages of
quantitatively remote sensing technology, directly extracts the key influencing factors of VEEQ, such as vegetation
indices (RVI, NDVI, ARVI, TMG), humidity indices(NDMI, MI, TMW), soil and landform indices(NDSI, TMB,
GRABS) as the evaluating parameters from data the Landsat 5/TM remotely sensed images, and then puts these factors
mentioned above into the multiple linear regression evaluating model. Ultimately we obtain the VEEQ evaluation rank
figure of the experimental field-part of Qingjiang region. The handy multiple linear regression model, is proved to be
well fit the experimental field for the vegetation ecological environment evaluation research.
To meet the special requirement in dynamic visualization of the terrain such as excavating and filling, an extending
technique of the terrain visualization based on Fractal LoD (Level of Detail) is proposed. Firstly, a dynamic triangulation
algorithm for the view-dependent and the real-time LoD model of the terrain is present, which is based on the GRID
DEM, constructs the continuous LoD with bintree structure according to the screen error criterion, and the 'crack' is
covered by building the dependent relationships of the different vertexes based on the directed acyclic graph (DAG),
which aim is to render the whole terrain with the static data. Secondly, an extending algorithm based on the fractal is
proposed, which can render more detail part of a special region. At beginning, the fractal dimension is calculated
according the flatness of the regional surface, then 'Diamond-Square' algorithm is disposed to get the extending vertexes
of the deformed region and its transitional regions according the fractal dimension and refinement degree. In order to
solute the problem of the 'crack' and 'T-junction' caused by the discontinuities between the two steps, an extensional
DAG and an extensional bintree structure based on the extensional vertexes are build according a extensional screen
error criterion which is smaller. Lastly, the complete implement method is given.
The relationships between the atmosphere products of EOS/MODIS and precipitation are analyzed. Some key
meteorological factors tightly related to precipitation are then selected. With the key meteorological factors extracted
from EOS/MODIS remote sensing datasets and the corresponding observed precipitation being the input and output layer
respectively, a Back Propagation(BP) Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is learned and trained. As the test and
application, the distributed precipitations in Qingjiang river basin located at central China are estimated with the
established model. It is concluded that the precipitations estimated by the BP ANN based on EOS/MODIS are nearly
equal to the observed ones at the rainfall stations distributed in the river basin. It is revealed that the integration of
EOS/MODIS and ANN provides a new effective way to estimate the distributed precipitation in river basin near real time.
This paper introduces the application of geographic information systems (GIS) and virtual reality (VR) technology with
visualization of irrigated area spatial information in order to improve irrigated area information management and
presents a novel architecture for 3D irrigated area information management system. The functions of each module are
describes. Based on shule river basin informatization project, a practical application of system is introduced.
Daily works of Law Enforcement Bureau are crucial in the urban management. However, with the development of the
city, the information and data which are relative to Law Enforcement Bureau's daily work are increasing and updating.
The increasing data result in that some traditional work is limited and inefficient in daily work. Analyzing the demands
and obstacles of Law Enforcement Bureau, the paper proposes a new method to solve these problems. A web-GIS based
information management system was produced for Bureau of Law Enforcement for Urban Management of Foshan. First
part of the paper provides an overview of the system. Second part introduces the architecture of system and data
organization. In the third part, the paper describes the design and implement of functional modules detailedly. In the end,
this paper is concluded and proposes some strategic recommendations for the further development of the system.
This paper focuses on the architecture and implementation of the system, solves the developing issues based on
ArcServer, and introduces a new concept to the local government to solve the current problems. Practical application of
this system showed that it played very important role in the Law Enforcement Bureau's work.
A distributed hydrological model incorporating the catchment's spatial information including topography, land cover and soil, was developed in this paper. The proposed model splits the concerned catchment into a series of sub-catchments linked with stream networks derived from digital elevation model. A revised TOPMODEL, which includes a forest canopy sub-module to descript the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of forest cover, was used to simulate runoff processes of each sub-catchment. The model was implemented to fully integrate with Arc/Info and input parameters derived from remote sensing images could be generated effectively through the geographic information system. The model was applied to a case study in the QingJiang river basin, which is one of the largest catchments in the middle reach of the Yangtze River. The voids-filled SRTM DEM was used to derive stream networks and topographic information including area, topographic index distribution of each sub-catchment. Land cover and LAI products of MODIS incorporated with the FAO global soil map were used to derive other relative model parameters. The model was calibrated and validated with observed hydrological datasets and the result indicates that the model can simulate reasonably well the runoff hydrograph and a distributed hydrological modeling system integrated with GIS and remote sensing has a great potential for both research and application.
Hydrological model is very significant for the runoff simulation and flood prediction. Compared with lump hydrological model, distributed hydrological model has more specific physical mechanisms which consider the spatial non-uniformity of hydrological parameters in the river basin. Because of its complex space-related parameters, DHM is not easy to be constructed in conventional ways. The method and technology to realize DHM in practice have become the major bottleneck that has been restricting DHM construction. This paper proposes a new method for the construction of DHM based on GIS and RS. According to the method, GIS is not only adopted to extract the subcatchment and drainage system in river basin from DEM, but also applied to divide the hydrological subunits and to manage the space-related parameters. Multi-source remotely sensed images are utilized to acquire the parameters of all hydrological subunits distributed in the river basin. Based on the integrated application of GIS and RS, hydrological spatial information grid which serves as the platform of DHM construction is proposed. It is concluded that the integrated application of GIS and RS provides a new modern method for the realization of DHM, and makes it possible to construct a hydrological model in practice with the real meaning of "distributed in the whole scale of river basin".
KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems, Data integration, Computer aided design, Mining, Data mining, Data conversion, Visualization, Information fusion, Data modeling, Solid modeling
GIS has its advantages both on spatial data analysis and management, particularly on the geometric and attributive information management, which has also attracted lots attentions among researchers around world. AutoCAD plays more and more important roles as one of the main data sources of GIS. Various work and achievements can be found in the related literature. However, the conventional data integration from AutoCAD to GIS is time-consuming, which also can cause the information loss both in the geometric aspects and the attributive aspects for a large system. It is necessary and urgent to sort out new approach and algorithm for the efficient high-quality data integration. In this paper, a novel data integration approach from AutoCAD to GIS will be introduced based on the spatial data mining technique through the data structure analysis both in the AutoCAD and GIS. A practicable algorithm for the data conversion from CAD to GIS will be given as well. By a designed evaluation scheme, the accuracy of the conversion both in the geometric and the attributive information will be demonstrated. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the new approach will be shown by an experimental analysis.
As an important branch of visual reality technology, augmented reality has been applied to vast fields like commerce and education. This paper verifies the feasibility of applying augmented reality technology to the planning of residential district. A visual district planning system is designed and realized on the basis of augmented reality. It fully reflects the advantages of augmented reality technology in the application to district planning by meeting the requirements of district planning for visual-real interaction and man-machine interaction. This paper further describes visual-real registration technique based on computer vision and adopted by the system. Moreover, the results of system operation are given.
This paper presents a novel two-dimensional surface model, the further development of facet model, to achieve image fusion through a "surface-then-fuse" information fusion architecture realized by an advanced approximation/derivative technique. Experiment confirms that surface model can improve the spatial quality and preserve the spectral characteristics of the original images both quantitatively and visually.
Geographic visualization is a hot point in recent years. Many new methods for spatial information visualization have been developing. In this paper, we introduce a new Augmented Reality based geographic visualization system which has the properties of virtual- real combination and human-computer interaction. Registration is the key technique to realize the seamless combination of virtual and real objects. We mainly discuss the pattern and nature feature based registration algorithm used in our system.
KEYWORDS: Data modeling, 3D modeling, Data acquisition, Databases, Data conversion, Modeling and simulation, Visualization, Geographic information systems, 3D acquisition, Visual process modeling
Digital city is one of the important branches and regional layers of digital earth. The modeling and simulation of a city can visualize the city in the computer and therefore improve the management of the city. How to model and simulate the city in a three dimensional scale with the seamless link between spatial geometry and attribution has become the hot topic of experts from both virtual reality and geographical information system fields. This paper designs a platform of three dimension modeling and simulation for digital city. This platform consists of several modules such as Data Acquisition, Data Import & Export, Database Management, Model Edit & Reorganization, and Scene Create & Cruise. The most important input data resources used in this platform are DXF and 3DS, which are obtained and produced from the digital stereo photos taken by the Data Acquisition Module(Z-system). The Import & Export Module converts the DXF and 3DS data into OpenFlight format, and then by using the Model Edit & Reorganization Module, the converted models can be visually edited and reorganized so as to recreate more rational models with both spatial and attribute information stored in the Database Management Module. The Scene Create & Cruise Module selects models from the database to create three dimensional scenes of the city and provides the interactive cruise and information query in the scenes of the city. It is concluded that this platform integrates the technologies of geographical information system, virtual reality and database, and can play the role of the base of digital city onto which other application systems are joined.
This paper describes an Urban-Plan System based on augmented reality with tangible and interactive user interface. Virtual models, graphics generated by computer and physical materials have been used in whole urban-planning process. Participants can carry out their assignment collaboratively in direct and interactive manner and the final results can be browsed and modified in real-time. Augmented Reality enables users to achieve Urban-Plan more effectively and easily. One key object of our system is to enable users manipulate virtual models as they can do in real world. To achieve this, we must calculate the pose and position of camera relative to real world exactly. This paper uses computer vision technology and known marker to solve the above problem.
For natural landscape, area-based matching can be successfully applied because the elevation is undulating rather gently. On the other hands, urban areas with the mixture of artificial structures such as buildings and natural landscape, where the elevation tends to have steeper changes, conventional area-based matching may not be successful. Many computer vision papers demonstrated matching methods based on features such as edge and regions extracted from images have much better performance for artificial structures. 2.5 m ground resolution of PRISM, however, may not be enough to extract detailed features enough to represent artificial structures. This may suggest the combination of area-based and feature-based matching approach can be more appropriate for ALOS PRISM data. This paper presents the results of experiments on the combination of the two approaches using simulated PRISM image generated from air-borne image sensor, TLS (Three Line Scanner).
KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems, Virtual reality, Visualization, 3D displays, Information fusion, Computer simulations, Navigation systems, 3D vision, 3D modeling, Distributed computing
This paper explores the way in which GIS and virtual reality are closely integrated for visualization of battlefield spatial information in distributed interactive simulation system, analysis of battlefield preparation information and query of battlefield dynamic information. Based on this approach, a prototype distributed system is introduced which generates virtual battlefield environment.
KEYWORDS: Free space optics, Free space optical communications, Two wave mixing, Modulation, Crystals, Electrodes, Refraction, Signal processing, Photorefraction, Electro optics
In this paper, we introduce a novel method for free-space optic communication. Normally, the free-space optic communication is sensitive to atmospheric turbulence. In order to overcome the weakness, we utilize two differential modulation optical beams, which improve markedly the quality of free-space optic communication.
The experiments, based on two wave mixing scheme were1 done using photorefractive crystal LiNbO3. Photorefractive grating will be changed with the electrical signals, which will results in the energy transfer process between two beams, and then form two differential modulation optical beams. Firstly, we will present a brief introduction to the theoretical arguments for energy transfer process in two wave mixing experiments. After briefly explaining the method to achieve two differential modulation optical beams we discuss
the experiments for free-space optic communication. Finally, we conclude that the novel method improve markedly the quality of free-space optic communication.
In the fields of flood hazard prediction and water resource management, subcatchments and their parameters play very important roles because they are needed for almost all analyses and simulations related to rivers. However, they are prepared by field surveys in usual cases, so they have not yet been prepared for mountainous or deep forest areas difficult to survey, or they are not so accurate although they have been already prepared for those areas. In addition, such kinds of field surveys spend much time and costs, so it seems stalled to prepare subcatchments and their parameters with high accuracy in those areas. In this research, we developed the methods to extract subcatchments and their parameters from satellite remote sensing data. Our method to extract subcatchments needs only DEM obtained by satellite remote sensing, without any field surveys, so we can extract subcatchments anywhere if only DEM exists for there. Topographical parameters of extracted subcatchments are calculated also only from DEM. Using surface data obtained by multi band optical sensor, landcover is determined. These methods will enhance the preparation of subcatchments' parameters for mountainous or deep forest area. As a practical way to use of those extracted parameters, we developed a runoff simulation program too. It simulates draining discharges, using the extracted parameters above and some other parameters. By the simulation for past runoff, with fitting algorithm, it can correct parameters into more suitable.
This paper describes decision-level fusion system (DLFS) of multisensor images. Two kinds of objects of the source images are obtained by SVM classifying the feature vector (V), object-oriented correlation (OOM) deriving from which supervises the fusion process. Experimental results using real data show that the proposed algorithm works well in multisensor image fusion.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.