The optical three-dimension measurement methods have been widely used in face recognition, machine vision, biomedical imaging, virtual reality and aerospace with the advantages of fast speed, high precision and non-contact measurement. Recently, the trend of structured light 3D reconstruction tends to be real-time with improving accuracy and reducing the dependence of time domain. The structured light coding is an active measurement method which could provide abundant feature points. The 2D gold matrix is a spatial coding method and it provides a new type of structured light for optical 3D measurement. This scheme provides the dynamic 2D spatial information based on the fast decoding from the encoded projected light. Here, we proposed a binocular stereo vision system based on the structured light encoded by 2D gold matrix. Only a pair of images, which could be captured in real-time by the two cameras, are needed for 3D reconstruction. The experiment shows that the decoding success rate is up to 99.48% for non-planar object. The system is simple in structure and low in cost. It is expected to be applied to real-time 3D measurement fields such as face recognition and biomedical imaging in the future.
High-speed and high-precision human face 3D shape measurement plays a very important role in diverse applications such as human-computer interaction, 3D face recognition, Virtual Reality. This paper introduces a structured light system based on VCSEL(Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) with one simulated projectors and two camera for human face 3D shape measurement. Large-scale production cost of VCSEL is low, because of the manufacturing process compatible with LED. VCSEL has the advantages of projecting a large area of diffractive structure light and easy to integrate into lens array internally. The process of VCSEL projecting the structural light that changes over time to human face is simulated by computer. The ICP algorithm is used to match the image of single frame structure light from the right camera to the left camera. A single frame image of three-dimensional face point cloud is obtained by using binocular stereo vision principle. The multi-frame images of point cloud that change along time series are superposed to obtain higher density point cloud data and improve the measurement accuracy. This 3D measurement based on VCSEL has advantages of low cost, high precision, and small size and should be useful for practical applications.
This paper proposes an optimized method of three-dimensional measurement based on three measuring triangles. The three measuring triangles are made up of the left camera, the right camera, the projector and the object to be measured. After projecting N binary band limited patterns on the surface of the object to be measured, the object can be divided into three parts to be measured using the temporal correlation based on Hamming distance. The three parts of the measuring data complement each other without overlapping each other and thus changing the useless data measured in original binocular measurement system into effective data. In this way, the missing data of binocular measurement system is made up and the integrity of the measurement results are improved. The experimental results verify that the integrity of the reconstructed point cloud using the three measuring triangles method is higher than that of the original binocular 3D measurement method, which proves that the proposed optimized method is a convenient solution for solving the problem of partial point cloud missing in the binocular structure measurement.
Three-dimensional human face identification card using micro lens array is proposed based on the introduction of integrated imaging technology into three-dimensional human face identification cards. The traditional ID card is a two-dimensional plane photograph. With the development of integrated imaging technology, each unit lens in the integrated imaging technology can record relative parts of information from various directions, combining a lenticular lens array and a concave lens array to realize naked eye in natural light you can see the three-dimensional photos on the ID card. This technology not only achieves visual three-dimensionality and beauty, but also enhances the security of identity cards, and can be widely applied to various situations requiring authentication.
In this paper, a non-contact, fast and high-precision optical 3D measurement method is proposed to provide a detection scheme for the processing of optical rough glass in the grinding stage. We first use a planar calibration board to map the phase-height of the optical rough glass in a certain spatial range, then use the phase-shifting method to obtain the heightmodulated phase distribution of the rough glass. Finally, the 3D profile of the whole rough glass is obtained based on the phase-height mapping. The whole detection process can be completed in a few minutes, and the accuracy is less than 100 microns.
Displacement laser interferometers and grating interferometers are two main apparatus for the micron-nanometer displacement measurement over a long range. However, the laser interferometers, whose measuring scale is based on the wavelength, are very sensitive to the environment. On the contrast, the grating interferometers change the measuring scale from wavelength to grating period, which is much stable for the measurement results. But the resolution of grating interferometer is usually lower than that of laser interferometer. Therefore, further investigation is needed to improve the performance of grating interferometer. As we known, the optical subdivision is a main factor that affects the measurement resolution. In this paper, a grating interferometer with high optical subdivision is presented based on the Littrow configuration. We mainly use right angle prisms accompanied with plane mirrors to make the measuring lights diffracted by the grating scale for many times. An optical subdivision factor of 1/24 can be obtained by this technique. A main difficulty of this technique is that the grating scale should be with high diffraction efficiency. Fortunately, the measuring light is incident on the grating scale at the Littrow angle, the grating scale can be designed with very high efficiency easily in this condition. Compared with traditional grating interferometers, this kind of grating interferometer can greatly increase the measuring resolution and accuracy, which could be widely used in nanometer-scale fabrications and measurements.
To provide accurate three-dimensional (3-D) data for production and processing, 3-D surface measurement is always an essential step to the production of glass. Profilometry and Interferometry are traditional measurement apparatus, referring to different procedures. Although more precise, Interferometry cannot be used in milling procedure, owing to the scattering property of rough glass. While as a widely used Profilometry, Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) employs a probe for measuring by contacting surface directly. It should be noted that such a time-consuming machine is not practical for measuring large-sized rough glass, so a novel designed method called temporal speckle is introduced to a non-contact binocular 3-D measurement system for measuring. Specifically, N band-limited binary patterns are sequentially projected to rough glass from a pattern generation device, such patterns have been proved to depress scattering properties of rough surface. The whole binocular 3-D measurement system can finish a single measurement in one second with a standard deviation less than 73.44um. This system performs fast and accurate 3-D surface measurement for large-sized rough glass block.
The objective measurement of facial skin color and its variance is of great significance as much information can be obtained from it. In this paper, we developed a new skin color measurement procedure which includes following parts: first, a new skin tone color checker made of pantone Skin Tone Color Checker was designed for camera colorimetric characterization; second, the chromaticity of light source was estimated via a new scene illumination estimation method considering several previous algorithms; third, chromatic adaption was used to convert the input facial image into output facial image which appears taken under canonical light; finally the validity and accuracy of our method was verified by comparing the results obtained by our procedure with these by spectrophotometer.
KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, 3D displays, 3D metrology, Electronics, Cameras, Structured light, 3D modeling, Digital Light Processing, Eye, Computing systems
Three dimensional Identification Card, with its three-dimensional personal image displayed and stored for personal identification, is supposed be the advanced version of the present two-dimensional identification card in the future [1]. Three dimensional Identification Card means that there are three-dimensional optical techniques are used, the personal image on ID card is displayed to be three-dimensional, so we can see three dimensional personal face. The ID card also stores the three-dimensional face information in its inside electronics chip, which might be recorded by using two-channel cameras, and it can be displayed in computer as three-dimensional images for personal identification. Three-dimensional ID card might be one interesting direction to update the present two-dimensional card in the future. Three-dimension ID card might be widely used in airport custom, entrance of hotel, school, university, as passport for on-line banking, registration of on-line game, etc...
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